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While steady US economic growth and improved sentiment about Europe’s prospects have improved overall market sentiment, China continues to hold the key to determining copper prices on global markets. Chinese appetite for the red metal may be cooling off slightly, but demand worldwide is expected to remain steady, as are prices.
By Shihoko Goto — Exclusive to Copper Investing News
Concerns about China’s growth prospects, most notably the possibility of interest rate hikes to prevent the economy from overheating, kept copper investors on their toes throughout the first quarter, but in the end the red metal came ahead nearly twelve percent from a year ago. It was the metal’s biggest quarterly gain since the end of 2010. However, questions remain as to whether that upward momentum can continue, despite the US economy in particular showing signs of steady expansion.
China consumes about 40 percent of the world’s copper, and over the past few years its red-hot economy has effectively allowed demand for the metal to continue climbing. Indeed, Beijing reported that a key Purchasing Managers’ Index rose to a one-year high of 53.1 in March. Nevertheless, there is increasing concern that the Chinese economy is not expanding quickly enough, and speculation that Chinese authorities will be cutting interest rates in the coming months to keep the economic engine revving. In fact, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in March that the country’s projected GDP growth rate for 2012 will be 7.5 percent, down from the earlier forecast of 8.0 percent.
Beijing is also concerned about the real estate market overheating, and Jiabao said following the annual National People’s Congress that the authorities “must not slacken [their] efforts in regulating the housing sector.”
Meanwhile, investors will keep close tabs on copper stockpiles on the Shanghai Futures Exchange. Chinese copper imports have increased steadily over the past few months, as have warehouse inventories, suggesting that the country is stockpiling much of the metal instead of consuming it.
Steady US expansion, timid European rebound
Investors have been heartened over the past three months by data upon data that suggest the US is gaining a firm foothold on economic expansion. Certainly, there have been plenty of signs of growth: jobless claims reached their lowest level in nearly four years while housing prices appeared to stabilize, and manufacturing is expanding faster than expected, with the latest factory index by the Institute for Supply Management rising to 53.4. The problem is that the US accounts for only ten percent of the overall copper market, thus limiting its impact on the red metal’s price no matter how robust its economy may be.
Meanwhile, with panic about a potential collapse of the euro now effectively gone, overall market sentiment has improved regarding Europe’s outlook. Yet with a sluggish manufacturing sector and unemployment in the Eurozone reaching its highest level in nearly 15 years, Europe is unlikely to be a major force in driving up copper prices.
Corporate developments
On the supply side, the world’s largest publicly-traded copper producer, Freeport-McMoRan (NYSE:FCX), lowered its copper and gold sales outlook due to continued problems at its Grasberg mine in Indonesia. Although the three-month-long strike at the mine ended last December, the company faced another temporary work stoppage mid-February due to miners’ unrest. The company expects overall first quarter copper production and sales to be down about ten percent from earlier estimates. Freeport-McMoRan had initially expected copper sales to reach 875 million pounds, including 210 million pounds from the Grasberg mine.
Investors focused has shifted to Mongolia as Ivanhoe Mines (NYSE:IVN,TSX:IVN) reported that its Oyu Tolgoi project is on track to begin initial production by the third quarter of this year. Rio Tinto (LSE:RIO,NYSE:RIO) increased its holding in Ivanhoe to 51 percent earlier this year, which further increased expectations for the project. Yet some analysts are concerned about the site’s infrastructure, most notably about the required energy sources. Market eyes will be on Mongolia’s upcoming June parliamentary elections and any possible changes in government policies on mining rights.
Investors will be closely monitoring the developments of Glencore International’s (LSE:GLEN) $34 billion bid for Xstrata (LSE:XTA), which was agreed to this quarter. Once completed, the buyout will create the third-largest copper miner in the world, but there have been concerns that the deal breaches antitrust regulations, particularly in Europe.
Q2 and FY outlook
Looking forward, Chile’s state copper commission, COCHILCO, expects the price of the red metal to rise slightly in the latter half of this year as it sees Chinese demand remaining strong. Chilean state-owned Codelco, which is the world’s largest copper producer, expects copper prices to stay around the same level as they did last year. Last year, copper averaged $4.00 a pound, averaging around $3.76 in the first quarter of 2012.
Codelco CEO Diego Hernandez said that “copper supply and demand will remain very tight this year and we’re still optimistic about prices.”
BB&T Capital Markets analyst Garrett Nelson too expects steady growth in copper demand, “on pace for a low-to-mid single digit increase in 2012 after increasing by approximately 3 percent in 2011.” He thinks the price of the red metal will average $3.50 this year.
Securities Disclosure: I, Shihoko Goto, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.