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Provaris Energy Ltd (Provaris; ASX:PV1) is pleased to advise the collaboration with Uniper Global Commodities SE (Uniper) and Norwegian Hydrogen AS has advanced to the execution of a conditional Term Sheet for the supply, transport and offtake of RFNBO compliant hydrogen. The Term Sheet provides the basis of negotiating a binding Hydrogen Sale and Purchase Agreement (Hydrogen SPA) which is targeted for June 2025.
Highlights:
- Provaris, Uniper and Norwegian Hydrogen sign a conditional Term Sheet for hydrogen supply, transport and offtake.
- Agreed Key Terms and Conditions to form the basis of negotiating a binding Hydrogen SPA, targeted for June 2025.
- Annual volume of 42,500 tonnes per year of RFNBO1-certified hydrogen to be delivered as gaseous compressed hydrogen using Provaris’ H2Neo carriers.
- Uniper Global Commodities SE will be the buyer of hydrogen at an agreed fixed price and responsible for the receiving terminal in North-Western Europe for delivery.
- Commencement of cargos deliveries is targeted for early-2029, for a minimum term of 10-years, making it Europe’s first regional hydrogen marine transport project at scale.
- Term Sheet for supply of hydrogen using Provaris carriers demonstrates Uniper’s commitment to a portfolio of supply sources, including a focus on supply from the Nordic Region.
- Provaris’ approach to hydrogen supply and transport provides a standardized, efficient and flexible approach to scaling hydrogen supply, which is exactly what Germany and Europe needs to meet its 2030 decarbonisation targets.
Execution of the Term Sheet achieves a significant milestone under the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), announced in August 2024, and facilitates ongoing co-operation on developing hydrogen supply chains based on Provaris’ compressed hydrogen carriers from Norway and other potential Nordic sites to import locations in North- Western Europe.
Provaris’ Managing Director and CEO, Martin Carolan, stated: “We are delighted to see the collaboration has progressed to a Term Sheet for hydrogen supply and offtake. This represents a key milestone for Provaris and validation towards developing regional bulk-scale hydrogen supply chains within Europe using Provaris’ H2Neo compressed hydrogen carriers.”
Norwegian Hydrogen CEO, Jens Berge, added: “We’re very excited about this tri-party collaboration, and it’s rewarding for all three parties to see our efforts progress into increasingly concrete and advanced stages”
Uniper Global Commodities SE, Senior Vice President - New Energies Origination, Benedikt Messner, commented: “We think that the innovative transport concept by Provaris might be a solution to connect commercially interesting hydrogen supply locations with our core markets and look forward to the continuation of our collaboration.”
Compression Replaces Complexity with Simplicity to Lower the Delivered Cost of Hydrogen
Analysis by the collaboration partners has highlighted that when customer demand is for hydrogen (not a derivative), regionally sourced hydrogen from the Nordics, transported through Provaris’ compressed hydrogen carriers, provides an efficient and cost-effective supply chain, limiting the losses in the entire chain from electrolyzer through to the distribution pipeline in Europe.
Lowering the energy consumption over the entire supply chain results in more renewable energy available for hydrogen production and higher volumes delivered.
Hydrogen Supply Chain Development
Provaris and Norwegian Hydrogen are collaborating on the development of the supply of RFNBO compliant hydrogen, which will be stored and transported using Provaris’ H2Neo carriers. Work is underway to outline the preferred sites in the Nordics, including Norway and Finland. Sites with a detailed feasibility include the FjordH2 Project located in the Alesund region, Norway.
Based on the proposed hydrogen volumes and shipping distance, the supply chain’s storage and shipping infrastructure using Provaris’ proprietary shipping solutions will include one (1) H2Leo barge storage at the production site, with a capacity of 450 tonnes of compressed hydrogen at 250 barg pressure, and two (2) H2Neo hydrogen carriers with an individual storage capacity of 450 tonnes of compressed hydrogen at 250 barg pressure. Provaris continues to progress both the H2Neo and H2Leo towards Final Class approvals in the first half of 2025.
Uniper will be responsible for the selection and development of the import terminal and are working with Provaris to outline the capital and operating equipment to discharge the H2Neo carriers, which includes an assessment of optimal storage and connection to the European Hydrogen Backbone for distribution to industrial sectors. Simplicity of port infrastructure provides for the flexibility of nominating one or more entry ports.
The Term Sheet remains conditional upon, among others, the negotiation and execution of a fully termed Hydrogen SPA and obtaining all necessary approvals.
Illustration of the Regional Supply locations from the Nordic Region into North-West European ports with hydrogen import development plans linked to the future development of Germany’s core hydrogen network
Source: Provaris Energy
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This article includes content from Provaris Energy, licensed for the purpose of publishing on Investing News Australia. This article does not constitute financial product advice. It is your responsibility to perform proper due diligence before acting upon any information provided here. Please refer to our full disclaimer here.
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Provaris Energy
Investor Insight
Provaris presents a unique and attractive investment opportunity given its leading role in developing innovative storage and transport infrastructure essential to lower the cost of hydrogen and CO2 supply chains. With its proprietary technology, strategic partnerships and integrated business model, Provaris is well-positioned to capitalize on the growing demand for clean energy solutions.
Company Highlights
- Proprietary tank IP, fabrication and ship designs provide unique advantages to unlocking economic storage and transport.
- Studies demonstrate compression provides the lowest cost for regional hydrogen supply.
- Advancing term sheets into binding agreements in 2025 for hydrogen supply to German utilities.
- Simple ‘Capital lite’ model to provide early cash flow from license fees, recurring revenue and remove capex
- Expanding tank IP and new license fees with Yinson Production AS to innovate liquid CO2 tank and vessels and a second source for license fee income.
- Growth opportunities from pipeline of supply projects and new markets for gas and liquid storage tank solutions
Overview
Provaris (ASX:PV1), offers innovative storage and transport infrastructure essential to lower the cost of hydrogen and CO2 supply chains. With an office established in Oslo, Norway, to support the focus on Europe, the company has developed a shipping solution for ‘Ready to Use’ hydrogen, which provides flexible and stable supply for buyers at the lowest regional delivery cost. The advantages of compressed hydrogen are now recognized through multiple industrial partners for supply and offtake, including a maiden term sheet for offtake with Germany’s Uniper Global Commodities.
The implementation of a ‘capital lite’ model through technology license fees enables Provaris to support a portfolio of supply projects to deliver early cash flow and long-term recurring revenue without large-scale capex. Illustrative fees for each supply chain project are material to support substantial returns to investors over time.
Provaris stands at the forefront of the green hydrogen economy being developed, dedicated to innovative and efficient supply chains for zero-carbon energy in the European region. With its rapid adoption of green hydrogen, the European market needs 7 Mt of low carbon H2 imports by 2030 with less than <1 percent produced today. As countries across the continent seek to decarbonize their economies, the demand for sustainable supply of hydrogen molecules remains in deficit for decades to come. Provaris’ compressed gas solution delivers the fastest, lowest cost route to closing this gap.
Compression supports the development of simple, scalable and energy-efficient green hydrogen supply chains for the European market. By focusing on a regional supply model, the Provaris solution delivers 50 percent more hydrogen from supply sights in the Nordics at a 20 percent lower cost.
Supply Chain Project Pipeline in Europe
Provaris is progressing a two hydrogen supply chain project in the Nordics, which include a German utility for offtake. Additional opportunities under review:
> Norway: Working with developers on hydrogen export infrastructure
> Spain: Assessing sites for export and supply chain integration.
> Finland: Identification of suitable sites for bulk-scale hydrogen export infrastructure.
Multiple projects will further diversify Provaris’ revenue potential and position the company as a key enabler of Europe’s hydrogen transition.
Key Features and Benefits of Compressed Hydrogen
- Enhanced Safety: Provaris’ compressed hydrogen technology prioritizes safety in storage and transportation.
- Cost-effectiveness: By eliminating the need for complex liquefaction or ammonia synthesis processes, the company's solutions reduce overall costs.
- Scalability: The technology is adaptable to various project sizes, from regional supply chains to large-scale international exports.
- Environmental Sustainability: Compressed green hydrogen aligns with global efforts to reduce carbon emissions and transition to cleaner energy sources.
Recent Concept Design Study reaffirms simplicity and efficiency of compressed hydrogen enables low-cost supply for Europe.
Innovative Hydrogen Vessel Designs: H2Neo Carrier and H2Leo Barge for export efficiency
Complementing its innovative compressed hydrogen technology, Provaris is in the final stages of developing new vessel designs specifically for hydrogen transport. These specialized vessels are engineered to safely and efficiently carry compressed hydrogen across maritime routes, opening up new possibilities for international green energy trade.
At the heart of Provaris’ innovative H2Neo carrier solution is its proprietary compressed hydrogen technology. The H2Neo offers a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods of hydrogen storage and transport. These carriers are designed to address the growing global demand for hydrogen while overcoming the logistical challenges associated with green hydrogen distribution.
Strategic Partnerships using Provaris solutions for hydrogen
At the forefront of Provaris Energy's European strategy is a groundbreaking Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Norwegian Hydrogen and Germany-based international energy company Uniper Global Commodities. This tripartite agreement marks a pivotal step in developing hydrogen supply chains, leveraging each partner's unique strengths.
The collaboration strategically capitalizes on the Nordic region's geographical advantages, facilitating efficient hydrogen distribution across Europe, with a particular focus on the German market. Germany is reliant on the import of over 70 percent of its hydrogen demand by 2030. In January 2025, a breakthrough term sheet was announced for the supply, shipping and offtake of 42,500 tonnes per annum of hydrogen, with the target for converting to a binding Hydrogen SPA during 2025.
A second MOU collaboration is also underway replicating this success with a new hydrogen supply project and German utility. Further details are to be announced during 2Q 2025.
In The Netherlands, Provaris is collaborating with Global Energy Storage (GES) to develop a bulk-scale hydrogen import facility within Rotterdam’s global energy hub. The agreement involves the completion of a comprehensive prefeasibility study to demonstrate the technical and economic viability of berthing and unloading of Provaris’ H2Neo compressed hydrogen carriers. Provaris will be responsible for the transportation of the hydrogen in the H2Neo carriers and GES will be responsible for the discharge and injection into the hydrogen grid.
Innovating CO2 Storage and Transport
As part of its commitment to sustainable energy solutions, Provaris is expanding its portfolio to include CO₂ storage. This strategic move commenced with a ground-breaking partnership with Norway’s Yinson Production AS to bring innovation to liquid CO₂ storage and transport, for both maritime and onshore applications. Yinson is a USD 3 billion global energy infrastructure leader in FPSOs and renewable technologies, having raised USD 1.6 B in late-2024 for growth funding, including the establishment of CO₂ supply chains.
In 2024, a Joint Development Agreement (JDA) was announced to develop new bulk liquid CO₂ tank designs for floating, onshore, and ship-based storage applications, solving an industry bottleneck for CO₂ tank capacity limited to ~7,500 cbm. Targeting major gains in storage volume and reduced storage costs, tank designs at low pressure and temperature maximise storage and efficiency to reduce storage and transport costs.
CO2 offers Provaris growth in License Fees
Aligned with its technology license model for hydrogen, Yinson is funding Provaris’ development of new tank designs to be jointly owned and then licensed to owners of floating storage, shipping, and land-based storage solutions, which will include Yinson.
In March 2025 confirmation of an early milestone was achieved with a Concept Design for a new CO2 Tank design completed, with the next milestone set for June 2025. Development fees have included a USD 200,000 Technology License Fee paid under the JDA, with ongoing fees to be received in 2025.
Management Team
Martin Carolan – Managing Director & CEO
Greg Martin – Chairman
Andrew Pickering – Non-executive Director
David Palmer – Non-executive Director
Per Roed – Chief Technical Officer
Mats Fagerberg – Business Development, Europe
Garry Triglavcanin – Product Development Director
Norman Marshall – Group Commercial Manager
John Stevenson – Group Financial Controller
Jessica Roed – Operations Manager, Norway
Enabling the scale-up of clean energy supply chains through innovative hydrogen and CO2 storage and transport solutions.
Provaris Energy’s Capital-light Shift Unlocks Growth in Hydrogen and CO₂ Transport, Report Says
With key agreements in place, new revenue streams emerging, and an expanded valuation outlook, Provaris is well-positioned for growth in the global clean energy market.
Illustration of the Regional Supply locations from the Nordic Region into North-West European ports with hydrogen import development plans linked to the future development of Germany’s core hydrogen network
Key Highlights from the Report:
Building Blocks for Hydrogen and CO₂ Transport in Place
Provaris has secured foundational agreements to advance its hydrogen and CO2 transport solutions. This includes a 42,000 tpa hydrogen supply chain agreement with Uniper and Norwegian Hydrogen, a 30,000 tpa supply deal from Norway to a German utility, and a joint development agreement with Yinson Production Offshore for a 5 mtpa CO2 transport project targeted for the end of the decade.
Capital-light Model to Reduce Funding Needs
Adopting a capital-light model, Provaris will generate licence and origination fees while avoiding the need to fund vessel construction directly. This approach lowers financial risk while maintaining long-term participation in the sector.
Licence Fees Unlock Near-term Revenue
Provaris will now earn a 5 percent technology licence fee on the capital expenditure of its H2Neo hydrogen carrier and H2Leo hydrogen barge, providing upfront revenue during the 30-month construction period. Once operational, the company targets a 5 percent free-carried equity ownership, allowing further financial participation.
Revised Forecasts and Increased Valuation
The updated financial model anticipates technology licence revenue as early as FY 2027, earlier than previous forecasts. Longspur Clean Energy has raised its base-case valuation slightly from AU$0.07 to AU$0.08, with a single CO2 project pushing this to AU$0.13. A larger-scale Norwegian hydrogen project could drive a high-case valuation of AU$0.15. The lower capital requirements under the new model increase the feasibility of new projects, improving confidence in higher valuation scenarios.
For the full analyst report, click here.
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Troy Minerals Reports Ongoing Geophysical Studies at the Lake Owen Project, Wyoming
Figure 1. Lake Owen, Location Map, Wyoming, USA
Recent maiden drilling results by Troy (announced on February 28th, 2025) have confirmed the presence of high concentrations of vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), along with the discovery of scandium (a REE metal), significantly enhancing the project's critical mineral profile.
Lake Owen is supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS)'s Earth MRI (Earth Mapping Resources Initiative), which is delivering key geoscientific data and helping reduce exploration costs. As part of this initiative, a high resolution airborne magnetic and radiometric survey has been flown by USGS covering Troy's Claims and the raw data have become available to the Company. This federal backing highlights the project's strategic importance within the US critical minerals landscape.
Troy has engaged Geophysics One Inc. of Ontario, Canada, to evaluate, process, model and interpret the magnetic and radiometric data in conjunction with any available in-house geoscience data provided by the Company.
Figure 2. Lake Owen Project, Troy's Claims on Topo Map
Key Aspects of the Airborne Geophysical Survey
- The Lake Owen Project area was surveyed by EON Geosciences Inc. for the USGS, using an airborne total-field magnetic and radiometric method in 2021.
- Most of the 16,400 line-km helicopter survey was flown at 200m intervals, with the Lake Owen Complex subset infilled at 100m line separation in 2023 (see Figure 3, 4).
- Despite the 100m interval, the nominal altitude was high at 80m, averaging 107.4m within the property and ranging from 78m to 180m. Overall, the data quality is very good.
- Emphasis is placed on mapping magnetite-rich zones from the high-resolution magnetic data due to the area's mineralization being concentrated within cumulus magnetite-rich layers. Work and interpretation will be completed with enhanced magnetic images and a 3D magnetic model of the data that reveal remarkably consistent rhythmic magnetic layers and extending 10 km or more laterally, including the entire length of the Lake Owen property.
- High magnetization zones aid geological mapping and exploration of the Lake Owen property, particularly in areas with increased magnetite content and inferred structural zones.
- The radiometric response from the mafic complex is minimal and will be used only for mapping purposes, such as identifying cover and defining the Lake Owen Complex' extents. However, a few interesting anomalies will be analyzed to provide context for exploration targeting.
- Geophysics One, beyond general interpretation maps, will provide to Troy all magnetic and radiometric product maps, as well as 2D & 3D modelling in selected cases.
Figure 3.Map showing the 2023 flown high-resolution (100m line spacing) airborne survey (2nd Vertical Derivative magnetics) covering Troy's Lake Owen Project claims, on top of the 200m line spacing Medicine Bow Magnetic Survey (background data of Total Field magnetics)
The interpretation of the geophysical survey is in progress and the results of the Geophysics One studies once received will be reported and discussed in another news release in due course.
Figure 4. The 100m Line Spacing Magnetic Survey over the Lake Owen Complex (2VD)
Qualified Person
The information contained in this news release has been reviewed and approved by Ted Vander Wart, P.Geo., a consultant to the Company, who is a qualified person as defined under National Instrument 43-101.
About Troy Minerals
Troy Minerals is a Canadian based publicly listed mining company focused on building shareholder value through acquisition, exploration, and development of strategically located "critical" mineral assets. Troy is aggressively advancing its projects within the silica (silicon), vanadium, and rare earths industries within regions that exhibit high and growing demand for such commodities, in both North America and Central-East Asia. The Company's primary objective is the near-term prospect of production with a vision of becoming a cash-flowing mining company to ultimately deliver tangible monetary value to shareholders, state, and local communities.
ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD,
Rana Vig | CEO & Director
Telephone: 604-218-4766
Email: rana@ranavig.com
Forward-Looking Statements
Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information: This release includes certain statements that may be deemed "forward-looking statements". All statements in this release, other than statements of historical facts, that address events or developments that Troy Resources Inc. (the "Company") expects to occur, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts and are generally, but not always, identified by the words "expects", "plans", "anticipates", "believes", "intends", "estimates", "projects", "potential" and similar expressions, or that events or conditions "will", "would", "may", "could" or "should" occur. Although the Company believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include results of exploration activities may not show quality and quantity necessary for further exploration or future exploitation of minerals deposits, volatility of commodity prices, and continued availability of capital and financing, permitting and other approvals, and general economic, market or business conditions. Investors are cautioned that any such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, estimates and opinions of the Company's management on the date the statements are made. Except as required by applicable securities laws, the Company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements in the event that management's beliefs, estimates or opinions, or other factors, should change.
The Canadian Securities Exchange has not reviewed this press release and does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this news release.
10 Biggest EV Stocks to Watch in 2025
Read on to learn about the top US and Chinese EV stocks, and the batteries and battery suppliers they're using for their current and upcoming models.
1. Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA)
Market cap: US$776.95 billion
First on the list is EV maker Tesla, which has brought significant attention to the EV narrative.
The company's story starts in 2003, when it was founded by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Elon Musk invested in the company in 2004, becoming the largest shareholder, and eventually became its CEO in 2008. A well-known story for battery metals investors, the company made headlines in 2014 when it broke ground at its first gigafactory in Nevada, US, an unthinkable proposition at the time. Outside of the US, Tesla also has gigafactories in China and Germany.
In partnership with Panasonic (TSE:6752), at its Nevada gigafactory Tesla produces batteries with nickel-cobalt-aluminum (NCA) cathodes — different from most of Tesla’s competitors, which use a nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) mix.
Tesla announced in 2021 that it was changing the battery chemistry for its standard-range vehicles to lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) cathodes, which are cobalt- and nickel-free. China’s largest battery maker, CATL (SZSE:300750), is a key supplier of LFP batteries for Tesla, particularly for the Shanghai and Berlin gigafactories.
South Korea's LG Energy Solution (KRX:373220) is working on supplying Tesla with batteries using nickel-manganese-cobalt-aluminum (NMCA) cathodes.
Tesla's prime EV position has taken a hit in the first quarter of 2025 as Elon Musk's political activities in the United States have generated a lot of negative publicity for the brand. However, the company is still the largest EV maker by market cap globally.
Image via Tesla.
2. BYD Company (OTC Pink:BYDDF,HKEX:1211)
Market cap: US$143.78 billion
Leading Chinese EV maker BYD Company was founded in 1995 and is a top producer of several kinds of rechargeable batteries, including nickel-metal hydride batteries and NCM batteries.
BYD has a vertically integrated supply chain, from mineral battery cells to battery packs.
In the fourth quarter of 2023, BYD passed Tesla in terms of global EV sales, selling 526,409 EVs compared to Tesla's 484,507 units sold during that quarter.
Backed by Warren Buffett, in 2020 BYD officially launched its Blade battery, a less bulky LFP battery. The following year, the company announced that it would use the Blade LFP batteries for all of its pure electric models.
The company is working on using sodium-ion batteries — this battery type is expected to be seen in 9 percent of global EV sales by 2033, according to a 2023 forecast from Fastmarkets.
In April 2025, BYD released two new EV models, the Han L sedan and Tang L SUV, based on its new Super e-platform, which allows users to add 400 kilometers (248 miles) of range in five minutes of charging, and charge to 100 percent in 20 minutes.
Image viaBYD.
3. Li Auto (NASDAQ:LI)
Market cap: US$22.41 billion
Li Auto bills itself as a pioneer in successfully commercializing extended-range EVs in China, and is a leader in China's full-size and large SUV markets. The company started volume production of its first model, Li ONE, in November 2019, and launched its initial public offering in July 2020, raising US$1.1 billion.
Li Auto has battery supply agreements with CATL, Sunwoda Electronic (SZSE:300207), a smaller Chinese battery maker, and SVOLT Energy Technology.
One of the main differences between Li Auto and the other companies on this list is that Li Auto's models allow battery pack charging with electricity or gas. The company calls this design extended-range EV technology.
Li Auto launched its first all-electric car, Li MEGA MPV, in 2024. In July 2025, the company is set to introduce its second all-electric vehicle, the i8 SUV, which uses an NMC battery and maxes out at 536 horsepower.
Image via Li Auto.
4. Xpeng (NYSE:XPEV)
Market cap: US$17.96 billion
Another Chinese EV maker focused on smart EVs, Xpeng’s main manufacturing plant is in Guangdong province.
CATL used to be Xpeng’s primary battery supplier, but the carmaker has diversified its battery suppliers. The carmaker has chosen to work with Sunwoda to develop a fast-charging battery for the G9. Xpeng also counts CALB (HKEX:3931) and EVE Energy (SZSE:300014) as battery suppliers. Xpeng has EVs powered by LFP batteries for the Chinese market, and its long-range versions use NCM batteries.
Xpeng's G9 achieved the top spot in charging time and fifth in the range test during the El Prix 2024 Motor EV Winter Test, demonstrating its strong performance in severe winter weather conditions.
In April, the company showcased its 2025 XPENG X9 flagship vehicle, with self-driving capabilities powered by Xpeng's self-developed Turing AI chip. At the same time, Xpeng unveiled itsAEROHT Land Aircraft Carrier, slated for mass production in 2026. The company bills it as "the world’s first modular flying car."
Image via Xpeng.
5. Rivian (NASDAQ:RIVN)
Market cap: US$12.99 billion
Founded in 2009 in Florida, US, Rivian designs, develops and manufactures EVs and accessories and sells them directly to customers in the consumer and commercial markets.
The company is based in Irvine, California, and manufactures its vehicles in Illinois.
The carmaker announced plans to use cells made with LFP chemistries for its standard-level vehicles in 2022, and in 2023 announced plans to switch its entire lineup to this type of battery. South Korea’s Samsung SDI (KRX:006400) is Rivian’s current battery supplier, but the company has plans to build its own battery cells in the future.
Rivian plans to deliver 46,000 to 51,000 EVs in 2025. By 2026, the company is looking to bring e-scooters and three-wheel EVs to market through its spinoff "electric micromobility company" named Also.
Image via Rivian.
6. Zhejiang Leapmotor Technology (OTC Pink:ZJLMF,HKEX:9863)
Market cap: US$7.74 billion
The Leapmotor brand first launched in China in 2017. The EV manufacturer designs and supplies its own battery packs for its vehicles. Major auto maker Stellantis (NYSE:STLA) became a 20 percent shareholder in late 2023. The following year, the two entities formed the 51/49 joint venture company Leapmotor International, in which Stellantis holds the controlling interest. The joint venture is focused on selling and manufacturing Leapmotor vehicles outside of China.
The company’s current models in the market include six seater SUV C16, mid-size crossover SUV C10, smart electric SUV C11, smart sedan C01, compact SUV B10 and smart BEV city scooter T03.
Leapmotor unveiled its B01 electric sedan in April 2025. The vehicle is powered by LFP batteries from Gotion High-tech, CALB and Zenergy.
Image via Wikimedia Commons.
7. Vinfast Auto (NASDAQ:VFS)
Market cap: US$7.32 billion
VinFast Auto, Vietnam's first global automotive manufacturer, is a multinational EV manufacturer producing both affordable and luxury EVs. The company even has an electric pickup truck in the works, known as the VF Wild.
VinFast Auto is working to expand its reach into key markets in North America and Asia. It has various showrooms and service centers in North America, including in the Canadian provinces of Ontario, British Columbia and Québec, and in the US states of North Carolina, New York, Texas and Kansas. The company opened an EV business network in the Philippines in 2024. The company also has plans to build more factories in the US, Indonesia and India.
VinFast Auto is on track to bring its EV manufacturing facility in India into operation in mid-2025. The EV facility is expected to have a production capacity of 150,000 vehicles annually.
Image via VinFast.
8. Lucid Group (NASDAQ:LCID)
Market cap: US$7 billion
Headquartered in California, Lucid Group was founded in 2007 and produces luxury electric cars. The company's first car, Lucid Air, is a state-of-the-art luxury sedan that is being produced at its factory in Casa Grande, Arizona, US.
Lucid will use Panasonic batteries in its long-range Lucid Air and its Gravity SUV, which will begin production in 2025, although details of the chemistry used are yet to be known.
In April 2025, Lucid announced the acquisition of select Arizona-based facilities and assets of battery and fuel-cell EV company Nikola Corporation.
"As we continue our production ramp of Lucid Gravity and prepare for our upcoming midsize platform vehicles, acquiring these assets is an opportunity to strategically expand our manufacturing, warehousing, testing, and development facilities while supporting our local Arizona community," said Marc Winterhoff, Interim CEO at Lucid.
Image via Lucid.
9. NIO (NYSE:NIO)
Market cap: US$6.6 billion
Founded in 2014, Chinese EV maker NIO designs, jointly manufactures and sells smart and connected premium EVs.
NIO's strategy includes its battery-as-a-service endeavor, a subscription purchasing model where buyers lease vehicle batteries. The company says the idea behind this move is to reduce vehicle costs. The service is run by a battery asset company, with NIO and leading battery maker CATL owning a stake. CATL is already NIO's sole battery supplier.
The company has built battery swap stations that allow drivers with low batteries to pull up and have it swapped for a full battery within minutes. Its fifth generation swap stations are expected to roll out starting in 2026.
In September 2021, the company introduced a standard-range hybrid-cell battery that combines NCM and LFP cells. NIO is also gearing uo to offer the world’s longest-range solid-state battery on a rental basis through its partnership with CATL.
NIO launched its newest EV brand, Firefly, in China in April. The first model in this brand is a small car for city dwellers who struggle with finding convenient parking, as it can locate available spots and use parking assist to maneuver into them. Drivers will also be able to access the above-mentioned battery swap program.
Image via Nio Newsroom.
10. Polestar (NASDAQ:PSNY)
Market cap: US$2.09 billion
Sweden-based electric performance car brand Polestar is owned by Geely Automobile Holdings (OTC Pink:GELYF,HKEX:80175). Up until early 2024, Volvo Cars was also a part owner, but decided to hand Polestar entirely over to Geely to operate as an independent brand. The move was attributed to slowing global demand for EVs.
The company has three models: the Polestar 2 four door sedan, the Polestar 3 luxury mid-size crossover and the Polestar 4 entry-level compact crossover.
Polestar has experienced some difficulties in the last couple years, including software challenges in 2023 that caused delays in the rollout of the Polestar 3. In 2024, the company recorded a 15 percent drop in deliveries.
The EV maker's bad luck seems to be turning around in 2025, with a 76 percent improvement in units sold in Q1 over the amount sold in the same period the previous year.
This is in part thanks to Polestar's efforts to capitalize on Tesla's struggles with Musk and its brand image. In February 2025, Polestar began offering Tesla owners in the US and Canada discounts of up to $20,000 on new leases of its models.
Image via SlashGear.
This is an updated version of an article first published by the Investing News Network in 2020.
Don’t forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time updates!
Securities Disclosure: I, Melissa Pistilli, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
Troy Minerals
Investor Insight
Troy Minerals’ focused growth strategy—anchored by two high-purity silica projects nearing production and a diversified exploration portfolio targeting critical minerals—positions the company as a compelling investment opportunity with strong future upside..
Overview
Troy Minerals (CSE:TROY;OTCQB:TROYF;FSE:VJ3) is a rapidly emerging player in the critical minerals space, focusing on the development of high-purity silica and other essential materials for the clean energy transition.
Troy Minerals’ diverse portfolio targets the rising demand for raw materials in high-growth sectors like renewable energy and semiconductors. Leading the portfolio are two high-purity silica projects—Table Mountain (British Columbia) and Tsagaan Zalaa (Mongolia)—acquired through the strategic purchase of CBGB Ventures in September 2024. Tsagaan Zalaa is slated for production within 2025, followed by Table Mountain in 2026. These assets support Troy’s strategy to become a key supplier of critical minerals for the global energy transition.
Troy Minerals is targeting a transition from an exploration company to a production company, a move expected to significantly increase our shareholders value.
Troy Minerals is advancing exploration in titanium, vanadium and rare earths through projects in Wyoming, USA, and Quebec, Canada—broadening its exposure to critical minerals essential for industries like aerospace and energy storage.
Its assets are strategically located near key infrastructure and major markets such as the US and China, positioning the company to create significant shareholder value through exploration, development, and future production.
High-purity silica—vital for solar panels, semiconductors, and advanced high-quality glass—is central to the clean energy transition. Troy’s high-grade silica assets are well-suited for these applications, with the global market projected to reach US$104.34 billion by 2030.
With supply shortages worsened by geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions, Troy is well-positioned to become a key supplier, targeting near-term production at both its silica projects.
Troy Minerals maintains a diversified portfolio with key vanadium and rare earth element (REE) assets essential to EVs, renewable energy storage, and advanced electronics. The Lake Owen project in Wyoming is prospective for titanium and vanadium, while Lac St. Jacques in Quebec targets REEs—especially neodymium and praseodymium. In its recent corporate news release, Troy announced the discovery of scandium, the first metal element in the REE sequence at Lake Owen Project.
Vanadium supports vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), a scalable energy storage solution for renewables. REEs are critical for permanent magnets used in wind turbines, EV motors, and electronic devices.
Scandium has green-energy technologies applications, but additionally it is the most effective known microalloying element that can strengthen aluminium, while also offering improved flexibility, resistance to heat and corrosion, and lighter weight, therefore Scandium finds applications in the space, military and civilian aviation industries.
Company Highlights
- Troy Minerals acquired CBGB Ventures in September 2024, securing two flagship high-purity silica projects in British Columbia and Mongolia.
- The Tsagaan Zalaa project in Mongolia is in mine permitting stage, being targeted to commence high-purity silica production within 2025, thereby positioning the company as a key supplier for the solar and semiconductor industries.
- The Table Mountain project in British Columbia is being targeted to begin high-purity silica production by 2026, with a 24-month development timeline. A maiden NI43-101 MRE is anticipated within Q2 2025.
- High-purity silica, similar to the company’s projects, is critical for solar panel production, semiconductors, fiber optics and high-performance glass.
- At its 100 percent owned Lake Owen Project in Wyoming, USA, the company has recently announce a Scandium discovery in its first two drilled holes.
- The company also maintains an exploration portfolio of critical mineral assets, including vanadium and REE, in tier 1 jurisdictions.
Key Projects
Tsagaan Zalaa Project (Mongolia)
The Tsagaan Zalaa project, located near the China-Mongolia border, is a near-term high-purity silica asset that is being targeted to commence production within 2025. The project’s proximity to key consuming markets, such as China, Japan and Korea, provides significant logistical advantages for the transportation of silica.
Tsagaan Zalaa’s silica deposits boast purity levels above 99 percent, making them suitable for advanced technological applications such as solar panels, semiconductors and fiber optics. The project’s minimal overburden and low strip ratio make extraction cost-effective, further enhancing its economic potential. Given the global demand for high-purity silica, this project has the potential to generate significant revenue for the company.
Troy Minerals has completed drilling and environmental studies at its Tsagaan Zalaa project and submitted a mining license application in February 2025. Government approval is anticipated in Q2 2025.
Table Mountain Project (British Columbia)
The Table Mountain project in British Columbia is a high-purity silica asset with strong near-term production potential. Spanning 1,698 hectares, it benefits from excellent infrastructure access, including roads, power, and natural gas, positioning it as a strategically located asset for the North American market. Troy Minerals expanded the project in 2025 through direct staking of two additional mineral claims totaling 606 hectares, contiguous to the existing property.
Recent analytical results confirmed broad zones of high-purity silica, reinforcing the project’s suitability for critical applications such as solar panels, high-performance glass, and electronics. Troy Minerals has submitted a drilling permit application and is advancing the project toward production, targeted for 2026, following a 24-month development timeline.
An NI43-101 compliant maiden Mineral Resource Estimate (MRE) is expected to be announced and filed within Q2 2025.
With rising demand for high-purity silica and growing emphasis on regional supply chain security, Table Mountain is well-positioned to help reduce North America’s reliance on imports and support the clean energy transition.
Lake Owen Project (Wyoming)
The Lake Owen project, located 50 km southwest of Laramie, Wyoming, is an early-stage exploration asset with strong potential for vanadium, titanium, and other critical minerals. Covering 1,932 acres (782 hectares), the project sits within the Proterozoic Lake Owen mafic to ultramafic layered intrusive complex, geologically favorable for titanomagnetite-hosted mineralization.
Troy Minerals has announced a strategic expansion of its Lake Owen Project, significantly increasing its land position in this highly prospective region. The project has effectively doubled in size—from 714 hectares to 1,433 hectares—through the addition of adjacent claims secured via recent targeted staking. These newly acquired claims are well-located, with excellent access to existing infrastructure, and cover ground considered highly prospective for critical mineral discoveries.
Recent drilling results have confirmed the presence of high concentrations of vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), along with the discovery of scandium and rare earth elements, significantly enhancing the project’s critical mineral profile. Additionally, the presence of platinum group elements and gold adds further exploration upside.
Lake Owen is supported by the US Geological Survey (USGS)’s Earth MRI (Earth Mapping Resources Initiative), which is delivering key geoscientific data and helping reduce exploration costs. As part of this initiative, a high resolution airborne magnetic and radiometric survey has been recently flown by USGS covering Troy’s Claims. This federal backing highlights the project’s strategic importance within the US critical minerals landscape. The data have become available to Troy, which is currently designing the 2nd Phase, H2 2025, exploration program.
Lac St. Jacques Project (Quebec)
The Lac St. Jacques project, located 250 km north of Montreal, Quebec, is a rare earth element (REE) exploration asset spanning 2,889 acres (1,169 hectares). With excellent road access and nearby hydroelectric power, the project offers cost-effective logistics and a sustainable energy source for future development.
Rare earth mineralization at Lac St. Jacques is hosted in pegmatitic syenite and granite intrusives, with a carbonatite deposit rich in light REEs—particularly neodymium and praseodymium. These elements are critical for manufacturing permanent magnets used in EV motors, wind turbines, and other advanced technologies. Recent drilling has returned promising results, with neodymium and praseodymium concentrations ranging from 500 to 2,000 parts per million, underscoring the project’s strong potential.
The company is currently executing a DDH drilling program at Lac St. Jacques. Results are anticipated in the coming months.
Management Team
Yannis Tsitos - President
Yannis Tsitos has over 35 years of experience in the mining industry, having spent 19 years with the BHP Billiton group. He has worked on projects in 32 countries including Mongolia, lived and worked in South Africa, Ecuador, Greece and the United Kingdom, and has been working in Canada since 2000. Originally a physicist-geophysicist, he left BHP in 2008, where he had the title of new business manager for Global Minerals Exploration. He has been instrumental in the identification, negotiation and execution of more than 50 exploration, joint venture, royalty, mining and commodity trading agreements over 11 different commodities with juniors, majors, as well as with state exploration and mining companies. He was the president of Goldsource Mines till its recent acquisition (July 2024) by the precious metals' producer, Mako Mining. Tsitos sits on several companies' boards as an Independent Director, has published articles in exploration and mining magazines on relevant topics and has been a strong advocate of anti-corruption policies in the mining industry.
Rana Vig - CEO and Director
Rana Vig has more than 30 years of business experience, helping launch five business ventures in the private sector. He has been involved in publicly traded companies since 2010, and from 2011 to 2016 he was the president of Musgrove Minerals, an Idaho-focused gold and copper mining exploration company. From 2013 to 2016, he was the chairman and CEO of Continental Precious Minerals, a TSX senior board listed mining exploration company with a focus on advancing one of the largest uranium deposits in the world located in Sweden. Vig was a recipient of the Senate 150th Anniversary Medal, awarded to top Canadians actively involved in their communities who, through generosity, dedication and hard work, make their hometowns and communities, a better place to live.
Norman Brewster - Director
Norman Brewster’s mineral industry career includes serving on various company boards, financing and developing the Aguas Tenidas Mine in Spain, and negotiating the purchase of the Condestable Mine in Peru. He also led the committee in reviewing the successful acquisition of Iberian Minerals by the Trafigura Group in an all-cash takeover valued at around $497.8 million.
Gurdeep Bains - Director
Gurdeep Bains is a chartered professional accountant. He received his chartered accountant designation from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of BC in 2003 and in 2004 graduated from Simon Fraser University with a Bachelor of Business Administration. From 2000 to 2005, he was a senior auditor, assurance services at KPMG.
From 2005 to 2014, Bains was with Canaccord Genuity as vice-president, internal audit and financial analysis where he was involved in the company’s global expansion by performing the due diligence and integration of $850 million in acquisitions in Canada, US, UK, Australia and China. From June 2014 to October 2017, he was the CFO at OK Tire Stores, an automotive company with over 330 locations across Canada. From October 2017 to March 2019, Bains was CFO at Zenabis, contributing in both finance and business development roles.
Regina Lara Yunes - CFO
Lara Yunes is a chartered professional accountant with a Bachelor of Technology in accounting from the British Columbia Institute of Technology. She is currently a financial reporting manager at Treewalk, providing accounting, financial reporting and compliance services to publicly listed firms. Prior to this, she worked at Smythe LLP as an accountant, offering audit and tax services to both private and public companies.
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