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Impact Raises $725,000 from Exercise of Options
Impact Minerals Limited (ASX:IPT) is pleased to announce that it has raised $724,996.20 from the exercise of its listed options IPTOB that expired on June 2nd 2024. These funds, in addition to the recently completed $3 million placement, will significantly bolster the company’s financial position, ensuring that Impact is fully funded to complete the Pre-Feasibility Study on the Lake Hope High Purity Alumina Project as well as continuing exploration of its other projects (ASX Release May 17th 2024).
Impact’s Managing Director, Dr Mike Jones, said, “Following our recent $3 million placement, which saw substantial participation from major shareholders, we are delighted with the response from our smaller shareholders, over 200 of whom exercised their options in the past month to raise a further $725,000. I believe this underscores the collective strength and commitment of Impact’s shareholders and we appreciate the trust and confidence in our vision as we push forward with the development of the Lake Hope High Purity Alumina project.
This extra funding will also allow us to pursue exploration at the Arkun Strategic and Battery Metals project where we were recently awarded $180,000 in co-funding through the Western Australian Government’s Exploration Incentive Scheme for drilling at the Caligula copper prospect. We are looking to drill there towards the end of the year at the same time as completing the pre-feasibility study on Lake Hope and so shareholders can look forward to strong newsflow in the coming months”.
Click here for the full ASX Release
This article includes content from Impact Minerals, licensed for the purpose of publishing on Investing News Australia. This article does not constitute financial product advice. It is your responsibility to perform proper due diligence before acting upon any information provided here. Please refer to our full disclaimer here.
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Impact Minerals Limited
Investor Insight
With a mining lease application underway and a scoping study that shows excellent economics, Impact Minerals’ game-changing, advanced Lake Hope high-purity alumina project makes for a compelling investment case.
Overview
Impact Minerals (ASX:IPT) is an exploration and development mining company focused on discovering and developing new resource projects within Australia. Lake Hope, a transformational acquisition by the company and its current flagship asset, is a high-purity alumina (HPA) project in Impact’s home territory of Western Australia, a tier-one jurisdiction.
This advanced-stage project allows the company to fast-track the asset toward development, firmly establishing the company on the road to production and increasing shareholder value.
HPA is a high-value product with various uses in several industries that are key to the transition to a low-carbon world. It is mainly used in LED lighting, micro-LED screens, and ceramic-coated separators in lithium-ion batteries. Both these markets are forecast to grow dramatically over the next decade, and a looming supply shortage is predicted for 2026.
HPA is also necessary for producing synthetic sapphire and scratch-resistant glass. With these ever-widening applications for HPA, demand for this resource is expected to grow from US$3.18 billion to US$12.21 billion by 2030 with a compounded annual growth rate of about 20 percent.
Lake Hope is the company’s current focus as it moves towards production, and where a very shallow, high-grade resource of HPA precursor material has been identified in the top two meters of a dry salt lake. The deposit has unique physical and chemical properties that will allow for inexpensive digging and mining, with transportation to a processing facility off-site in an established industrial area. This will accelerate the approvals processes required to get into production.
With a mining lease application pending, Impact aims to bring Lake Hope, which contains almost 1 million tons of potential HPA, into production when the forecast average price for 4N HPA (99.99 percent Al2O3) and related products is about US$20,000 per ton. The ‘4N’ designation indicates the purity grade, making it suitable for high-tech end uses.
Outstanding economics from the latest scoping study released by the company shows Lake Hope’s potential to be the lowest-cost producer of HPA globally by up to 50 percent.
Lake Hope has a maiden mineral resource estimate (MRE) of 3.5 million tons at 25.1 percent alumina (Al2O3) for a contained 880,000 tons of alumina. The company also received heritage clearances for the entire Lake Hope deposit further de-risking the project and providing another critical component in the company’s application for a mining lease.
Impact completed a bulk sampling and test pits program at the Lake Hope project in December 2023, and later reached a key milestone by producing HPA greater than 99.99 percent (4N) purity from the metallurgical processing of lake clays acquired from Lake Hope.
In February 2024, a new proprietary metallurgical process for producing HPA from the lake clays was identified. Impact produced 99.99 percent (4N) Al2O3 from a low-temperature leach (LTL) process. The LTL process may lower the capital and operating costs to produce HPA compared to the sulphate process which underpinned the recent scoping study. The LTL process will be included in the ongoing pre-feasibility study in parallel with the sulphate process at marginal extra cost to determine the best processing route to HPA. The PFS is due to be completed in late 2024.
A comparison of the LTL process and the sulphate process
The company is well funded to finance the pre-feasibility study at the Lake Hope High Purity Alumina project and exploration activities at the Arkun battery minerals project.
Impact Minerals has been awarded a $2.87 million grant for the commercialisation of its innovative process to produce High Purity Alumina (HPA) from the Lake Hope deposit. The grant is under the Federal Government’s Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) program which fosters short-term, industry-led research collaborations. The grant is part of an estimated $6.4 million research and development project to be completed within three years and designed to provide Impact with the relevant information required to complete a definitive feasibility. A key component of the grant funding will be to construct a pilot plant, which is a key goal for 2025, and this will provide consistent material for off-take and qualification trials.
Impact Minerals was also one of the inaugural cohort of seven companies selected to be part of the prestigious BHP Xplor program. BHP Xplor, an accelerator program introduced by BHP in August 2022, is designed to help provide participants with the opportunity to accelerate their growth and the potential to establish a long-term partnership with BHP and its global network of partners.
The BHP Xplor funding was used to identify new target areas for copper and other energy metals around the Broken Hill area in New South Wales, eastern Australia, where Impact has been quietly adding to its ground position for several years.
Additionally, the company is exploring its large Arkun battery metals project, also in Western Australia which covers nearly 2,900 square kilometres. Three new exploration licence applications were submitted recently immediately north of the Arkun project along trend from the recently discovered REE soil geochemistry anomalies at Hyperion, Swordfish and Horseshoe, and the Caligula copper anomaly. These anomalies require drill testing which will occur in 2024 and is an exciting development in the emerging mineral province of southwest WA.
A strong management team with over 50 years of combined industry experience leads the company. With a mining and exploration geology degree, Dr. Mike Jones, managing director, launched a long career consulting and leading mining organizations. Peter Unsworth, the non-executive chairman, has more than 35 years of experience in multiple financial sectors, such as securities industries and wealth management. Paul Ingram, a non-executive director, has led several mining companies since 2003. Impact Minerals has the experience and expertise to lead the company to success.
Company Highlights
- Impact Minerals is an exploration and development mining company focused on rapidly moving its flagship Lake Hope high-purity alumina (HPA) project toward production.
- The Lake Hope project has a high-grade maiden mineral resource estimate (MRE) of 3.5 million tonnes at 25.1 percent alumina (Al2O3), for a contained 880,000 tonnes of alumina that can be converted to HPA.
- HPA is used throughout multiple industries, and the overall HPA market is projected to grow by a CAGR of 18.4 percent by 2030.
- A pre-feasibility study is currently in progress and scheduled to be completed by Q4 2024. A mining lease application for the Lake Hope High Purity Alumina (HPA) was recently lodged with the aim of being granted by 2026.
- The company’s project portfolio also includes assets with high-grade mineral deposits of a range of base, critical and precious metals.
- Impact Mineral’s 2,000-square-mile Arkun nickel-copper-PGE project in Western Australia has produced encouraging assays that motivate further exploration. Maiden drill programmes are planned for early 2025.
- The company is also exploring its Broken Hill copper project in New South Wales following a major grant under the auspices of the BHP Xplor program in 2023..
- A strong management team leads the company with experience in geology, mining and corporate finance.
Key Projects
Lake Hope HPA Project
Impact Minerals’ Lake Hope HPA project is in Western Australia, a tier-one mining jurisdiction. HPA is a crucial component in many new and emerging technologies, creating ongoing demand for high-grade sources. The Lake Hope project is the company’s flagship as it moves toward production.
Project Highlights:
- Maiden Mineral Resource Estimate: A maiden mineral resource of 3.5 million tonnes at 25.1 percent alumina (Al2O3) for a contained 880,000 tonnes of alumina has been defined at the Lake Hope HPA Project. About 88 percent of the resource, or 775,000 tonnes of alumina, is in the higher confidence indicated resource category.
- Amenable to Open-pit Mining: The Lake Hope project is a unique HPA asset amenable to shallow, open-pit mining. The deposit is soft and shallow, allowing for cheap digging and minimal infrastructure requirements. This type of deposit also lowers the environmental footprint of the operation.
- Fast-tracked to Production: A mining lease application is currently underway. Once granted, the company will begin working towards a pre-feasibility study and mini pilot plant. Impact Minerals plans to reach a complete pilot plant by 2026.
- Impressive Results of the 2023 Scoping Study: Outstanding economics show Lake Hope to potentially be the lowest-cost producer of High Purity Alumina (HPA) globally by up to 50 percent. Key outcomes from the scoping study include:
- Annual production of 10,000 tpa of 4N HPA with an initial 25-year mine life
- Annual EBITDA of A$174 million.
- 2 years construction period with 5,000 tonnes of production during the first year, 8,000 tonnes in the second year and 10,000 tonnes of production thereafter.
- US$934 million post-tax NPV8 at an IRR of 55 percent.
- Mining Lease Application: Amining lease application was lodged in mid-2024 over the West Lake resource while a miscellaneous licence application (L63/99) was lodged to cover mine infrastructure and haulage road.
The scoping study was underpinned by a sulphuric acid process allowing the company to achieve a new milestone by producing HPA with purity of more than than 99.99 percent (4N) from the metallurgical processing of lake clays acquired from Lake Hope. The company further identified a new proprietary metallurgical process for producing HPA from the lake clays. Known as the low-temperature leach (LTL) process, this also produced 99.99 percent (4N) Al2O3 and has the potential to lower even further the capital and operating costs to produce HPA compared to the sulphate process. The LTL process will be included in the ongoing pre-feasibility study along with the sulphate process to determine the best processing route to HPA. The PFS is due to be completed in late 2024.
Broken Hill Copper Project
The Broken Hill project has a significant land position of 815 square kilometers and hosts multiple targets with the potential for high-grade copper. Broken Hill is located in New South Wales, Australia, an area known for its prolific silver-lead-zinc mining operations and the giant Broken Hill deposit.
Project Highlights:
- Participant in the BHP Xplor Program: Impact was selected for the BHP Xplor program in 2023 based on its Broken Hill project. The program is designed to allow participants to accelerate growth and establish a long-term partnership with BHP.
- Potential for Additional Minerals and Deposits: As well as copper, the project has significant exploration potential for magmatic nickel-copper-PGE sulphides, and at the time the host rocks were formed, Broken Hill was located close to the world-class nickel-copper-PGE deposit of Jinchuan and the significant Lengquisheng deposit. The project area also has the potential to contain zinc-lead-silver deposits, providing even more value.
Arkun Nickel-Copper-Gold-Lithium-REE Project
The Arkun project is a 2,900-square-kilometer nickel, copper and gold project located in the emerging Ni-Cu-PGE province near the world-class Julimar Ni-Cu-PGE deposit and surrounded by Anglo American Corporation, which secured its ground holding shortly after Impact secured its asset. Anglo-American is one of the world’s top ten mining companies, and their presence in the region brings confidence in the project’s potential.
Project Highlights:
- Additional Exploration Underway: Impact plans follow-up work programs, including drilling, at its priority targets.
- Significant Targets Identified: Recent soil sampling identified two new prospects:
- Hyperion prospect - Located in the northwestern part of the project area returned with rare earth element anomalism of up to 5,880 ppm (0.59 percent) total rare earth oxide (TREO+Y) and neodymium and praseodymium (Nd+Pr) of up to 21 percent.
- Caligula prospect - Initially identified on the roadside, the Caligula prospect is a large and significant target for porphyry copper mineralisation.
- Three New Exploration Licences: Impact applied for three new exploration licences expanding Arkun project along trend from the recently discovered REE soil geochemistry anomalies at Hyperion, Swordfish and Horseshoe as well as the Caligula copper anomaly.
Management Team
Peter Unsworth - Non-executive Chairman
Peter Unsworth, formerly a chartered accountant, has over 35 years of experience in the corporate finance, investment and securities industries and a wealth of management experience with public and private companies. A former executive director with a leading Western Australian stockbroking company, Unsworth has been a director of several public exploration and mining companies. He recently completed a long time serving as chairman of the Western Australian Government-owned Gold Corporation (operator of The Perth Mint). Unsworth is the founding chairman of Impact Minerals.
Dr. Mike Jones - Managing Director
Dr. Mike Jones is the founding managing director of Impact Minerals Limited, which was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in November 2006. Reporting to the board of directors, he is responsible for the company's performance as it moves towards production at its Lake Hope High Purity Alumina Project and also for implementing strategies to explore and maximize the value of the company's other extensive tenement holdings.
Since listing, he has helped raise more than $60 million to help fund the exploration of Impact’s projects and managed the company through significant adverse events, including the global financial crisis and the Fukushima nuclear disaster, which affected Impact’s considerable investment in the uranium sector, a five-year global downturn in the mining sector and more recently, the COVID-19 pandemic.
Paul Ingram - Non-executive Director
Paul Ingram is a geologist with extensive experience managing major mineral exploration programs for several publicly listed companies and has been involved in the mining sector for over thirty years. He has designed and implemented innovative techniques for exploration in remote areas and has managed projects in countries throughout Australia and East Asia. Ingram has been a director of the following listed companies in the past three years: Polo Resources from January 2008 to January 2011; A-Cap Resources since June 2009; Consolidated Global Investments since September 2006; Caledon Resources from February 2003 to March 2008; and Australian Pacific Coal since March 2011.
Dr Frank Bierlein - Non-executive Director
Dr. Frank Bierlein is a geologist with 30 years of experience as a consultant, researcher, lecturer and industry professional. Bierlein has held exploration and generative geology management positions with QMSD Mining, Qatar Mining, Afmeco Australia and Areva NC, and consulted for, among others, Newmont Gold, Resolute Mining, Goldfields International, Freeport McMoRan, and the International Atomic Energy Agency. He is currently a non-executive director of PNX Metals. He was previously a non-executive director of Gold Australia NL and chaired the advisory board of a Luxembourg-based private equity fund between 2014 and 2021.
Takeover Offer for Mako Gold Limited – Share Offer Unconditional and Status of Offers Conditions
Aurum Resources Limited (ASX: AUE) (Aurum) refers to its off-market takeover offer to acquire all of the ordinary shares (Share Offer) and certain options (Option Offers) in Mako Gold Limited (ASX:MKG) (Mako) pursuant to its bidder’s statement dated 30 October 2024 (as supplemented or replaced from time to time) (Bidder’s Statement).
HIGHLIGHTS
- Aurum declares its takeover offer for all the shares in Mako Gold Limited unconditional
- Aurum currently has a relevant interest in Mako of 39.86%
- The Share Offer and Option Offers are due to close at 7.00pm (Sydney time) on 4 December 2024
- The Mako directors have unanimously recommended that Mako Shareholders and Mako Optionholders accept the Offers in the absence of a Superior Proposal and have already accepted into the Offers
- Aurum urges all remaining Mako Shareholders and Mako Optionholders to accept the Offers without delay
The Share Offer is to acquire all Mako Shares for the consideration of one (1) Aurum Share for every 25.1 Mako Shares held and will extend to Mako Shares issued during the Offer Period as a result of the conversion of Mako convertible securities.
The Option Offers are to acquire Mako Options on the basis of:
- one (1) Aurum Share for every 248 Mako January 2025 Options held; and
- one (1) Aurum Share for every 170 Mako June 2025 Options held.
FREEING THE SHARE OFFER OF CONDITIONS
Having reached a relevant interest of 39.86% in Mako, Aurum is pleased to declare the Share Offer unconditional and free of all defeating conditions as set out in section 13.8 of the Bidder’s Statement.
OFFERS CONDITIONS
The Share Offer is wholly unconditional.
The Option Offers remain subject to all defeating conditions in section 14.9 of the Bidder’s Statement. None of the defeating conditions in section 14.9 of the Bidder’s Statement have been fulfilled or waived.
RECOMMENDED OFFERS
The Mako directors have unanimously recommended that remaining Mako Shareholders and Mako Optionholders accept Aurum’s Offers without delay, in the absence of a Superior Proposal. Given its current relevant interest in Mako, Aurum believes it is unlikely that a Superior Proposal will eventuate.
Click here for the full ASX Release
This article includes content from Aurum Resources Limited, licensed for the purpose of publishing on Investing News Australia. This article does not constitute financial product advice. It is your responsibility to perform proper due diligence before acting upon any information provided here. Please refer to our full disclaimer here.
Top 10 Gold Reserves by Country
Gold is one of the most important metals on the planet. For millennia it has been used in jewelry, art and currency, capturing the collective imagination as a thing of wonder. Gold's association with royalty and wealth has inspired explorers and treasure hunters alike, who put themselves at risk for a chance to strike it rich.
Today, gold's hold on us as a precious metal is no less powerful. Still used for jewelry and as a store of wealth, the metal also has a variety of modern industrial and electronic applications.
Even though gold seems to be everywhere, in reality it's a finite resource. Only 244,000 metric tons of gold have ever been mined, and two-thirds of that has been extracted since 1950. Comparing that amount to the more than 700 million metric tons of copper that have been pulled from the ground provides an idea of how precious a resource gold truly is.
For investors interested in the yellow metal and the companies that mine it, it’s important to understand global gold reserves. This data can provide critical information on the long-term viability of supply and which countries have room to grow.
This article uses the most recent data from the US Geological Survey, which uses metric tons for its figures. As gold is often measured and discussed in ounces, this article will contain a mix of the two measurements. To add some perspective, 1 metric ton of gold is equal to 35,274 ounces — this means at the recent gold price of US$2,600 per ounce, 1 metric ton is over US$92 million worth of gold.
According to the US Geological Survey, identified economic gold reserves currently stand at just 59,000 metric tons globally. Read on to learn the top 10 gold producers by country.
1. Australia
Gold reserves: 12,000 metric tons
Outsized is one way to describe Australia. The sixth largest country by land area, it has the most gold reserves of any nation, coming in at 12,000 metric tons. Australia has been going through somewhat of a modern boom and has been consistent in producing more than 300 metric tons of gold every year since 2017. Over 60 percent of its gold deposits are in Western Australia.
In 2023, Australia's Newcrest Mining merged with rival Newmont (TSX:NGT,NYSE:NEM) to form the largest gold mining company in the world. Under its banner it controls the two largest gold mining operations in Australia, Boddington and Cadia.
2. Russia
Gold reserves: 11,100 metric tons
Russia has the largest land area of any country, and unsurprisingly is among the top countries for gold reserves. It boasts an impressive 11,100 MT, up from the 6,800 metric tons it had at the end of 2022. Russia’s output was steady in 2023 with 310 MT extracted.
Polyus operates four of the country's five largest mines, including the Olimpiada open-pit mine in Russia’s Krasnoyarsk region.
Despite steady production, Russian gold is having difficulties reaching most markets following the country's invasion of Ukraine. The London Bullion Market Association halted trading and removed Russian refiners from its accredited list in March 2022. However, a significant portion of the metal was exported to the United Arab Emirates following the sacntions, according to Reuters, and Russian gold has also made its way into the country's stockpiles.
3. South Africa
Gold reserves: 5,000 metric tons
South Africa remains a powerhouse in terms of global gold reserves, and the country's Witwatersrand Basin is among the top gold jurisdictions in the world. However, while South Africa remains comfortably in the top three countries for reserves with 5,000 metric tons, the country has lost some of its luster when it comes to production. At the turn of the century, South Africa was the top gold-producing country, with 431 metric tons extracted in 2000. The country's output has slowly fallen in the decades since though, and has hit all-time lows in recent years — South Africa extracted just 100 metric tons in 2023.
One reason for lowered production is decreasing gold grades, which have led miners operating in the country to move to greater depths. In fact, as of 2019, eight of South Africa's gold mines were among the 10 deepest mines for any commodity, with AngloGold Ashanti's (NYSE:AU,JSE:ANG) Mponeng gold mine topping the list at 2.4 kilometers to over 3.9 kilometers below surface. This has made industrial mining operations prohibitively expensive and more dangerous.
Other factors negatively affecting the mining sector are constant power outages in recent years and limited investment in exploration outside the Witwatersrand Basin.
4. United States
Gold reserves: 3,000 metric tons
Gold reserves in the US have remained steady at 3,000 metric tons since 2012. The country is home to well-developed infrastructure, highly experienced companies and an advanced workforce. However, over the last decade, production and refinement of the yellow metal in the US has been in decline, dropping from 230 metric tons in 2012 to 170 metric tons in 2023.
One of the largest operations in the country is Nevada Gold Mines (NGM), a joint venture between Barrick Gold (TSX:ABX,NYSE:GOLD) and Newmont. NGM includes three of the largest gold mines in the world: Goldstrike, Carlin and Cortez.
5. China
Gold reserves: 3,000 metric tons
China's importance as a gold miner has been growing over recent year and made significant gains, moving from number nine on our list with 1,900 metric tons in 2022, to number five with 3,000 metric tons in 2023. Additionally, China's output has been the strongest of the top ten producing 370 metric tons of gold last year.
While some deposits have been found in the western part of the country, the largest operations are in Shandong, which is home to the largest find in the country: the Xiling mine. Xiling, which is owned by Shandong Gold Group (SHA:600547), contains more than 580 metric tons of gold in reserves. The mine is expected to process 10,000 metric tons of ore per day for the next 30 years.
In addition to its mining output, China has also been driving the price of gold over the past couple years with significant purchases by the People's Bank of China which now holds an estimated 2,264 metric tons of gold.
6. Indonesia
Gold reserves: 2,600 metric tons
Home to remote mining sites and enormous reserves, Indonesia is a destination for gold companies looking to stake a claim.
The country is home to the Grasberg complex, one of the world's largest gold operations and host to 23.9 million recoverable gold ounces. Operated by Freeport-McMoRan (NYSE:FCX), Grasberg includes several underground mines and the Kucing Liar deposit, which is currently being developed.
Once Kucing Liar is operational, Freeport expects it to deliver an additional 520,000 ounces of gold per year for 6 million total ounces between 2029 and 2041.
7. Brazil
Gold reserves: 2,400 metric tons
Home to the first modern gold rush over 300 years ago, Brazil has an undeniable history with the precious metal. The country currently has 2,400 metric tons of reserves, although it extracted only 60 metric tons in 2023.
Companies like G Mining Ventures (TSXV:GMIN,OTCQX:GMINF) with its Tocantinzinho asset may boost Brazil’s gold position in the years to come.
Much like Peru below, gold mining in Brazil has a darker side as well. Illegal operators, many of which have found their into mining through social media sites like YouTube and TikTok, are impacting both sensitive rainforest ecosystems and local Indigenous communities. Despite government crackdowns, new operations continue to pop up throughout the Amazon.
8. Peru
Gold reserves: 2,300 metric tons
Gold has been an important part of Peru’s economy for centuries. The country has a well-documented mining industry, and it ranks as one of the top nations in the world when it comes to gold reserves. Between 2012 and 2022, Peru increased its gold reserves from 2,000 metric tons to 2,900 metric tons, but saw a fall off in 2023 with just 2,300 metric tons.
During this time, production fell from 160 metric tons to 90 metric tons. This fall was due to a combination of factors, including increased regulation to combat illegal operations, instability in the country and COVID-19 restrictions.
Large players make up the bulk of Peru's gold industry, with major miner Newmont leading the way at Yanacocha, the biggest gold mine in Peru. There are also artisanal operations in the country, along with operations being run by criminal organizations. While environmental concerns are common in the mining industry, illegal and small-scale gold miners often employ mercury during the extraction process, which is very damaging to the environment.
To counteract illegal mining operations, the Peruvian government instituted Operation Mercury in 2019, which involved military interventions at illegal mine sites and the destruction of mining operations. For small-scale and artisanal mining, programs such as the Fairmined Ecological Gold certification exist to encourage environmentally friendly mining methods by introducing premium prices for gold that meets particular requirements. This also allows gold buyers to identify gold from legal operations that reduce the use of toxic treatments like mercury during the extraction process.
9. Canada
Gold reserves: 2,300 metric tons
Canada has a rich history of gold mining since the metal was first discovered in Québec in the early 1800s. Mining operations can now be found across Canada, but more than 70 percent of the country's gold is produced in Ontario and Québec. Other significant producers are BC with 9 percent, the Yukon with 4 percent and Manitoba with 2 percent.
Canada’s gold reserves have remained constant since 2012 and currently sit at 2,300 metric tons. However, the country has more than doubled its gold output in that time, jumping from 97 metric tons in 2012 to 200 metric tons in 2023.
Because of its well-established natural resource sector, Canada is leading the way in sustainable initiatives to protect the environment and communities. The Mining Association of Canada’s Toward Sustainable Mining initiative has been adopted by organizations around the world, including those in Finland, Brazil and the Philippines.
10. Uzbekistan
Gold reserves: 1,800 metric tons
Even though the first gold mine in Uzbekistan began operating in the 1960s, it’s only recently that the country has begun to develop its resources. After gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, the mining industry in Uzbekistan was in disarray, and most mining projects had stalled. Production hit a low of 65 metric tons per year in the mid-1990s, but since 2020 output has nearly doubled to 100 metric tons per year.
Most of Uzbekistan's gold is mined at the massive state-owned Muruntau gold mine in the Qizilqum Desert. This open-pit mine is calculated to hold more than 4,000 MT in total reserves.
Economically, gold is one of Uzbekistan's most important exports, generating US$3.42 billion during the first quarter of 2024.
Don’t forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time news updates!
Securities Disclosure: I, Dean Belder, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
A Guide to Investing in Physical Gold (Updated 2024)
Gold is known as an attractive safe-haven investment and has been used to store wealth during volatile times through history.
It has interesting currency-like tendencies, and retains its purchasing power better than paper currencies.
For that reason, gold market analysts typically recommend that investors build a diversified portfolio with a portion of their wealth in gold bullion. Here the Investing News Network explains what's involved in building and managing a physical gold portfolio.
In this article
- What physical gold product is best to buy?
- What is the difference between the gold spot price and retail price?
- Where can investors buy physical gold?
- How and when to sell physical gold?
- How should physical gold be stored?
- Is it possible to purchase physical gold through the futures market?
- What are some alternatives to physical gold?
What physical gold product is best to buy?
Physical gold investors are generally looking for items that are 0.999 fine. Most gold bullion coins fit this description, including the Canada Gold Maple Leaf, the South African Krugerrand and the American Buffalo Gold coin. American Gold Eagles are popular with investors, but they are have a much lower purity at 91.67 percent.
An alternative to gold coins is gold rounds, which are also 0.999 fine but are not legal tender. This makes them slightly cheaper than gold coins, as the premium for gold coins is higher because of the credibility that comes from being fabricated by government mints.
Both gold coins and gold rounds come in various sizes, usually ranging from 1/10 ounce to 1 ounce, though other less common sizes are available.
Gold bars are another popular option. These also come in a variety of sizes, and as choices can range from a 1 gram bar to 400 ounce bar, this category of products can accommodate a range of investors. They are also 0.999 fine.
When the objective is to get the most metal for the least money, it’s generally best to shop for gold rounds and gold bars, which tend to be cheaper than gold coins of the same weight.
Another factor that may need to be considered is the amount to be invested. Bars may be the best option for large investments since bigger sizes are available. Further, it is often easier to manage large products than it is to manage an array of smaller gold items.
However, physical gold investors also need to give forethought to when they may want to sell their gold. Large products will require liquidating a more sizeable portion of one’s gold portfolio, and such products may be more difficult to sell in some instances. Individuals making ongoing or significant investments may want to consider purchasing gold in various weights.
What is the difference between the gold spot price and retail price?
Investing in physical gold is often oversimplified, and the misconceptions can begin with pricing.
A spot price by definition is the cost of immediate delivery, and is a way to gauge the legitimacy of an ask or retail price. The spot price is what is reported on and what most gold price charts will show. Unfortunately, some investors don't realize until they make their first purchase that the spot price is not what one actually pays for physical gold.
The retail price of gold is based off the spot price but includes a markup, also called a premium. In addition to premiums, there are numerous other expenses investors should be prepared to pay when purchasing pure gold, including shipping, handling and insurance. In some instances, prices may be higher for individuals who choose to pay with a credit card.
There may also be processing fees to own the yellow metal or fees for small lot purchases. On the other hand, gold prices are sometimes lower for those purchasing larger quantities.
Where can investors buy physical gold?
Gold buying can be done through government mints, private mints, precious metals dealers and even jewelry stores. Some of these locations will offer numismatic coins or other gold items geared toward collecting and gift giving, which bullion investors should generally avoid. These products are for play in a different ball game and are not what the average gold investor needs.
When choosing where to buy gold, it is again best to give thought to reselling it. Some businesses that sell gold will also buy it back. Some will even buy gold that they didn’t sell, but may pay lower prices.
Furthermore, premiums and fees are not one size fits all when buying physical gold. Different sellers may offer the same items at different prices, so investors should take the time to find the best deal.
How and when to sell physical gold?
Just as buying gold often provides investors with a pricing wakeup call, investors who decide to sell are sometimes surprised at the prices they receive. That is because the buyback price, or bid, is lower than the asking price. The difference between the two is referred to as the spread, and it is a loss that the seller initially bears.
For example, if an investor pays US$2,500 for a 1 ounce Canadian Maple Leaf and decides to sell it back the same day, the buying price may only be US$2,419. The spot price is generally in the middle of the two.
Furthermore, there are usually other costs involved with selling gold, including shipping, insurance and liquidation fees. Some businesses have minimum purchase requirements, and depending upon payment arrangements, it may be necessary for the investor to pay bank wire fees or postage to receive a check.
Individuals who want to sell their gold quickly may consider “we buy gold” businesses as a convenient alternative. However, while these businesses can serve as a quick source of liquidity, they are usually not the best option, as their underlying business strategy often involves making lower-than-average offers, meaning you will receive less than you would at a bullion exchange or mint.
The reality is that, given the spread and the costs associated with acquiring and selling gold, a sharp price move is generally needed to turn a profit. Investors are encouraged to consider building positions in physical gold as a long-term investment, possibly even for retirement savings.
How should physical gold be stored?
Determining the best storage option involves weighing risks against costs.
Paying for secure storage eats into profits from the metal’s gains, so some people choose to store their gold at home or in their office. In theory, that is the riskiest option as it involves the highest potential for loss due to theft or disaster. But in many instances these risks are not substantial enough to justify the cost of other storage options. For home storage of smaller amounts of gold, mitigate theft risk by keeping it hidden somewhere that is less likely to be discovered. Of course, a sturdy home safe comes with an upfront cost and a footprint, but it can help protect valuables from theft and some disasters.
As mentioned, gold can also be stored in a depository or safe deposit box for a cost. If an investor chooses this route, there are a few things to consider. Rates can vary between banks, so price comparison is important. Additionally, the contents of safety deposit boxes in financial institutions are generally not insured. Last but not least, some banks do not technically permit the storage of bullion, so it's important to make sure it's possible before signing a terms and conditions agreement. The information should be listed in the agreement as well.
Is it possible to purchase physical gold through the futures market?
A gold futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell gold on a date in the future for a price that is determined when the contract is initiated. The futures market is often referred to as an arena for paper trading. Generally, the bulk of the activity is just that, as metal is not actually exchanged and settlements are made in cash.
However, the futures market can also be an arena for purchasing physical gold. That is not to suggest that it is the best source of metal for all investors as it may not increase one’s purchasing power. Obtaining gold through the futures market requires a large investment and involves a list of additional costs. The process can be complicated, cumbersome and lengthy, which is why this option is considered best for highly experienced market participants.
What are some alternatives to physical gold?
Purchasing metal is not the only way to gain exposure to physical gold. Indeed, the popularity of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) underscores how easily people can get into the gold market without actually owning physical gold.
Gold ETFs may track gold-focused stocks or they may track the yellow metal's price. Investors looking for the closest analog to buying physical gold will likely want to focus on the latter. However, it's important to be aware that ETFs that follow the gold price are generally not vehicles to acquire gold, even if they are physically backed.
One advantage of gold ETFs is that they can be easier to trade than physical gold. Some investors choose to hold a set amount of physical gold at all times and use ETFs to trade the metal's ups and downs.
To learn about your options, take a look at our lists of gold ETFs on the NYSE Arca and gold ETFs on the ASX.
This is an updated version of an article originally published by the Investing News Network in 2012.
Don’t forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time news updates!
Securities Disclosure: I, Lauren Kelly, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
Providence Insider Participates in Financing
Providence Gold Mines Inc. (“the Company) is pleased to announce further to the Private placement announced on November 14, 2024 that an insider of the Company is participating in the first tranche of the private placement in the amount of $75,000 Cdn for 1,500,000 units at $0.05 per unit. Each unit comprises of one common share and one non-transferable warrant exercisable into one common share of the Company at a price of $0.09 for a period of two years from the date of closing. The funds will be used for general purposes.
As announced, a placement of up to $1,800,000 Cdn for 36,000,000 units at $0.05 per unit is now underway. Each unit will comprise of one common share and one non-transferable warrant, exercisable into one common share of the Company at a price of $0.09 for a period of two years from the date of closing.
USE OF PROCEEDS
The funds from this placement will be used for evaluation of the new gold surface discovery reported for reference on May 6, 2024 and for a significant drilling program of up to 2500m designed to target the historical McCarthy and Mexican shafts and as well as an area north of the Mexican shaft where significant ground preparation provides a favourable structural setting for hanging wall splay veins analogous to the historical ”Bonanza” stope at the Providence mine first stope at surface alone produced 50,000 ounces. Ron Coombes states, “exploration efforts have modelled potential for robust significant high-grade gold targets”.
All securities issued will be subject to a hold period of four months and one day from the closing date of the private placement, in accordance with applicable Canadian securities laws.
BOARD APPOINTMENT
In addition, the Company is extremely pleased to announce the CFO and director appointment of Brian Crawford CPA, CA.
Brian Crawford CPA, CA, has extensive experience as a senior financial executive. Brian was formerly a partner with a national firm of Chartered Professional Accountants and founded several public companies trading on the TSX Venture Exchange (“TSX.V”) and the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”). Brian currently serves as a Director, Corporate Secretary and or Chief Financial Officer of several TSX.V and CSE-listed issuers.
QUALIFIED PERSON
Lee Groat Ph.D., P. Geo, a geologist and qualified person (as defined under NI 43-101) has read and approved of the technical information contained in this news release.
ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD
"Ronald Coombes"
Ronald A. Coombes, President & CEO
Phone: (604) 724-2369
Email: rcoombes@providencegold.com
STAY TUNED! VISIT OUR WEBSITE FOR MORE DETAILS
www.ProvidenceGold.com
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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Neither the OTC-Pinks and or the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
All statements, trend analysis and other information contained in this press release relative to markets about anticipated future events or results constitute forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, included herein, including, without limitation, statements relating to the permitting process, future production of Providence Gold Mines, budget and timing estimates, the Company’s working capital and financing opportunities and statements regarding the exploration and mineralization potential of the Company’s properties, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to business and economic risks and uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results of operations to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from Providence Gold Mines expectations include fluctuations in commodity prices and currency exchange rates; uncertainties relating to interpretation of drill results and the geology, continuity and grade of mineral deposits; the need for cooperation of government agencies and native groups in the exploration and development of properties and the issuance of required permits; the need to obtain additional financing to develop properties and uncertainty as to the availability and terms of future financing; the possibility of delay in exploration or development programs and uncertainty of meeting anticipated program milestones; and uncertainty as to timely availability of permits and other governmental approvals. Forward-looking statements are based on estimates and opinions of management at the date the statements are made. Providence Gold Mines does not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements except as required by applicable securities laws. Investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.
TEM | Yalgoo Update - Further Excellent Iron Results
Tempest Minerals Limited (ASX: TEM) is pleased to update that recent RC drilling at the Remorse Target has identified the presence of thick, high-grade, magnetite-hosted iron in initial assays which has now been confirmed with multiple drill holes over several kilometres of strike length. The Remorse Target is situated within the Company’s 100% owned Yalgoo Project which has multiple world-class iron ore operations nearby.
Key Points
- Additional high-grade magnetite iron intercepted in RC drilling
- Consistent intercepts over >2 km of drilled strike length
- Identical outcropping geology mapped over a 5 km total strike length
- Potential for a large-scale iron ore deposit nearby other world-class processing facilities
Remorse Target
High-grade iron
In addition to the lab results for the first drillhole previously reported 1, the Company is pleased to announce the completion of drilling and that follow-up results in subsequent drillholes confirm the presence of high-grade iron at the Remorse Target. New results include:
WARDH00180 16m @ 32.6% Fe from 93m (pXRF)
WARDH00169 20m @ 32.3% Fe from 120m (pXRF)
and 11m @ 30.8% Fe from 182m (pXRF)
WARDH00166 7m @ 32.8% Fe from 96m (Lab)
WARDH00171 8m @ 30.1% Fe from 130m (pXRF)
* Portable XRF (pxrf) results are not comparable in reliability to authorised laboratory results and should be not relied on for quantitative purposes outside indicative demonstrations of potential order of magnitude of enrichments.
Background
TEM has completed the first phase of RC drilling at the Remorse Target of its flagship Yalgoo Project. In total, 21 RC holes were drilled for 4,005m. Samples have been Boxscanned (pXRF) and submitted to the lab and final assay results are expected in December 2024.
The previously reported iron intercept from the first hole drilled at Remorse was WARDH00160 of 32m @ 30.0% Fe from 96m (including 7m @ 37% Fe) (Lab).
The Remorse Target is part of Tempest's broader Yalgoo Project which spans over 1,000 square kilometres of prospective terrain for base metals, precious metals and iron ore.
Figure 01: Section through iron mineralisation WARDH00180
Figure 02: Section through iron mineralisation WARDH00169 and WARDH00163-165.
All samples collected have been analysed using a Boxscan unit which includes a mounted portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF). Although not as accurate as laboratory analysis, pXRF data when collected in a quality and consistent manner can also exhibit high accuracy and precision. The pXRF data has been compared with assays received to date (>800 samples) and has an average variance of -4.2% and a median of -4.3%. The results indicate the accuracy is considered acceptable for current exploration reporting purposes (and potentially an overall slight underestimation by pXRF).
Remaining assay results are due in December and are expected to correlate strongly with the pxrf results announced.
As previously advised, the drill program design was focused on the strong base metal geochemical anomaly exhibited at the Remorse Target 2. The planned holes were focused strongly on testing the 'hanging wall' stratigraphy at Remorse and were not initially focused on the newly identified iron layer. However, the program did result in the 4 most northerly drill holes intercepting the main magnetite layer and numerous holes intercepting adjacent magnetite-rich layers.
The widely spaced drilling shows continuity and consistency over more than 2 kilometres and identical iron-rich stratigraphy outcrops can be traced over an extensive 5-kilometre zone correlating with the original Remorse Target footprint.
Click here for the full ASX Release
This article includes content from Tempest Minerals Limited, licensed for the purpose of publishing on Investing News Australia. This article does not constitute financial product advice. It is your responsibility to perform proper due diligence before acting upon any information provided here. Please refer to our full disclaimer here.
Divestment of Non-Core Whiteheads Gold Project
Great Boulder Resources (“Great Boulder” or the “Company”) (ASX: GBR) is pleased to provide an update regarding its Whiteheads Gold Project located 40km north of Kalgoorlie, Western Australia.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Great Western Gold Pty Ltd (GWG) to acquire 100% of Great Boulders’ interest in the Whiteheads Gold Project (Whiteheads) located in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
- Great Boulder to receive the following consideration for the sale of Whiteheads:
- Exclusivity Fee: $50,000 cash payment (Paid)
- Cash Payment: a one-off cash payment at Listing, less the Exclusivity Fee, as a reimbursement for reasonable cash payments incurred by Great Boulder with respect to exploration and expenditure commitment at Whiteheads during the period commencing on the Execution Date (today) and Completion Date (estimated costs of ~$250,000 to be incurred)
- Equity: Upfront and deferred equity consideration in GWG totalling $1,200,000 (assuming a $0.20 per share Listing price)
- GWG intends to complete an initial public offering (IPO) on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) in 1H-CY25
- The divestment of the non-core Whiteheads Gold Project allows Great Boulder to continue to prioritise management time and capital allocation on progressing its flagship Side Well Gold Project, whilst retaining equity upside to Whiteheads
Great Boulder’s Managing Director, Andrew Paterson commented:
“This is a great outcome for Great Boulder shareholders. The prospectivity and potential of Whiteheads has been overlooked given the significant exploration success at Side Well, resulting in the prioritisation of funds and management time, and we’re pleased to be working with Great Western Gold to unlock value here.
In addition to maximising the value for Great Boulder shareholders from Whiteheads, this transaction will further sharpen our focus on Side Well, where we are progressing a fully funded +50,000m drill program to deliver material resource growth and new discoveries.
As we exit the project I’d like to thank our Joint Venture partner Scott Wilson for his support. Whiteheads was an important stepping stone for Great Boulder back in 2019 and Scott has been a great supporter of the Company ever since.”
Click here for the full ASX Release
This article includes content from Great Boulder Resources licensed for the purpose of publishing on Investing News Australia. This article does not constitute financial product advice. It is your responsibility to perform proper due diligence before acting upon any information provided here. Please refer to our full disclaimer here.
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