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Multiple Lithium anomalies at Karonie
Alchemy Resources Limited ( ASX: ALY) (“Alchemy” or “the Company”) is pleased to announce it has identified a new coherent lithium and pathfinder elements anomalous corridor at its 100% owned Karonie Gold Project located east of Kalgoorlie in Western Australia. The tenements sit contiguous and 8km along strike of the Manna Lithium Deposit owned by Global Lithium Resources Limited and Breaker Resources NL (ASX: GL1 80%, ASX:BRB 20%).
HIGHLIGHTS
- An in-depth review of multi-element soil and drillhole geochemistry sampling data has highlighted areas of lithium and coincident indicator anomalism at the 100% owned Karonie tenements 110km east of Kalgoorlie.
- The multi-element signatures of these soil anomalies are consistent with possible hard rock lithium mineralisation associated with lithium-caesiumtantalum (LCT) type pegmatites.
- Lithium and pathfinder anomalism defined over an area of 7km x 1km at the new “Pecan, Mesquite, Hickory and Cherry Prospects”.
- New anomalies sit 8km along strike and within contiguous tenure to Global Lithium Resources Limited’s (ASX: GL1) 80% owned Manna Lithium deposit (9.9Mt @ 1.14% Li20 1 ).
- Ground truthing of anomalies has discovered outcropping pegmatites with up to 1km length which were not previously mapped by Geological Survey of WA (GSWA).
- 4 new high priority lithium targets to test over an initial 7km x 1km zone of anomalism.
Chief Executive Officer Mr James Wilson commented: “The lithium and pathfinder anomalism identified by Alchemy’s soil sampling and recent rock chipping in proximity to Manna are an encouraging start. Mapping by our geologists has shown pegmatites in outcrop along strike of Manna which is made more significant by the fact that there’s been no pegmatites mapped in this region before. The geochemical review reaffirms the prospectivity of our large tenement package at Karonie in what has historically only ever seen gold and base metals exploration. Work is continuing to identify the other intrusive dykes in the vicinity through a program of detailed mapping and sampling.”
NEW LITHIUM PROSPECT IDENTIFICATION – CHERRY, HICKORY, MESQUITE AND PECAN
Alchemy conducted multi-element soil sampling at Pecan/Mesquite/Hickory/Cherry on a 400x400m offset grid (Figure 1, RHS) and formed part of a multi-commodity review. The analysis of lithium and pathfinder elements shows a strong pattern of anomalism over 7km long x 1km wide (Figure 2) with the northern zone having increasing levels of surface cover which could have obscured outcrops. Alchemy’s KZ5 deposit2 located in the southern portion and adjacent to Cherry Prospect is a gold deposit which is believed to be VMS hosted mineralisation with significant drilling being undertaken by Alchemy in 2021. The areas of lithium soil anomalism to the east of the KZ5 gold deposit have never been drill-tested.
The areas sit within the prospective “Goldilocks Zone”, a defined corridor in which LCT pegmatite exist. The zone lies outboard of the granitic terrain and within the greenstone belts.
Alchemy geologists have since conducted initial ground truthing of the anomalies which has revealed outcropping pegmatites at Hickory Prospect and was traced over 1km along strike (Figure 3). A second pegmatite outcrop was mapped at Cherry Prospect (Figure 3). Importantly, GSWA mapping had not mapped the pegmatite outcrops recently identified by Alchemy.
Click here for the full ASX Release
This article includes content from Alchemy Resources Limited, licensed for the purpose of publishing on Investing News Australia. This article does not constitute financial product advice. It is your responsibility to perform proper due diligence before acting upon any information provided here. Please refer to our full disclaimer here.
Jindalee Lithium
Investor Insight
Jindalee Lithium’s flagship McDermitt Lithium Project (McDermitt) offers investors exposure to a generational, high-margin critical minerals asset. The recently completed Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) demonstrates robust economics, positioning McDermitt as a key enabler of North America's clean energy transition and a cornerstone of the US critical minerals strategy to de-risk supply chains through increased domestic production.
Overview
Jindalee Lithium (ASX:JLL,OTCQX:JNDAF) is a pure-play lithium company with a strategic focus on the United States. Its 100 percent-owned McDermitt Lithium Project is the largest lithium deposit in the US, boasting a resource of 21.5 million tons (Mt) of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE).
Backed by a recently released (November 2024) Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) demonstrating very compelling economics, McDermitt is poised to play a crucial role in meeting North America’s growing lithium demand for battery materials.
As the US continues to transition to clean energy, demand for lithium is expected to exponentially increase. Jindalee’s McDermitt project, located in southeast Oregon, is a game-changer for North American lithium supply, critical for meeting the demands of a fast-growing electric vehicle and renewable energy industries with specific emphasis on developing and de-risking domestic supply chains.
McDermitt also stands to significantly benefit from the US government’s policies and incentives to boost domestic supply of critical resources. In fact, in a move that signifies the US government's support of the McDermitt Project, the US Department of Energy's Ames National Laboratory signed a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with Jindalee's subsidiary HiTech Minerals to develop cutting-edge extraction methods for McDermitt. Under this agreement the US Department of Energy (DOE) will fund work aimed at reducing costs and improving sustainability outcomes for the Project. The Ames National Laboratory spearheads the DOE's Critical Materials Innovation Hub. Jindalee is also advancing an application for a grant from the US Department of Defense, which has the potential to co-fund a feasibility study and associated work programs at McDermitt.
Key milestones in the US lithium resource space also provide significant insights into the future prospects for McDermitt. Lithium Americas’ (TSX:LAC), has received a US$945 million commitment from General Motors, to fund the development, construction and operation of the Thacker Pass project in Humboldt County, Nevada, located 30km away from and in the same geological formation as Jindalee’s McDermitt Lithium Project. LAC has also closed a $2.3 billion US Department of Energy loan in late 2024 to fund approximately 75 percent of the construction capital cost (US$2.93B).
Another lithium resource developer in Nevada, Australia-based Ioneer (ASX:INR) is expected to receive a total investment of US$700 million through a new joint venture with Sibanye Stillwater, in addition to a conditional loan commitment of US$650 million from the US Department of Energy, both acting to strengthen the development of its flagship Rhyolite Ridge lithium-boron project.
In late 2024, ASX-listed company Patriot Battery Metals Inc (ASX:PMT) announced a C$69 million investment, strategic partnership and offtake agreement with global automotive group Volkswagen which aims underpin the development of Patriot’s upstream lithium project in Quebec, Canada.
These are just a few examples of current market dynamics that point to rapidly accelerating lithium resource development in the US and Canada demonstrating the investment appetite of strategic partners, as well as support from the US government via low-cost concessional debt funding.
An experienced management team, with the right blend of experience and expertise in project development, corporate administration and international finance provides Jindalee with the leadership to fully capitalise on the potential of its assets.
Company Highlights
- Jindalee Lithium is focused on its wholly owned flagship McDermitt Lithium Project, currently the largest lithium deposit in the US
- A PFS for McDermitt – delivered in November 2024 - supports very strong project economics, including a US$3.23 post-tax NPV and a 5 year capital payback period over a 63 year project life
- Jindalee’s McDermitt Lithium Project seeks to assist in the development of US critical minerals supply chains to enable America to meet its energy security and electrification goals
- Jindalee’s wholly owned US subsidiary HiTech Minerals has executed a strategic Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the DOE’s Critical Materials Innovation (CMI) Hub
- McDermitt is located in the same geological formation and is of similar size and scale to Lithium Americas’ Thacker Pass Project, which is backed by major investments from General Motors and the US Department of Energy and is currently under construction
- McDermitt is eligible for a wide range of government incentives including tax credits, grants and concessional loans. Jindalee is currently progressing a grant application with the Department of Defense to potentially co-fund a feasibility study at McDermitt
- In collaboration with lead engineer Fluor, Jindalee has produced battery grade lithium carbonate from McDermitt’s lithium bearing ore in metallurgical testwork.
- Experienced management team is focused on maximising the potential of Jindalee’s assets.
Key Project
McDermitt Lithium Project Economics
The economic metrics revealed in the PFS paint a compelling picture of the McDermitt Lithium Project's potential:
Production Capacity: The Project is set to produce 1.8 Mt of battery-grade lithium carbonate over its first 40 years, with an annual output forecast of 47,500 tonnes per annum (tpa) in the initial 10 years, and averaging 44,300 tpa over the first 40 years.
Financial Metrics: The Project boasts a post-tax net present value (NPV) of US$3.23 billion at an 8 percent discount rate, with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 17.9 percent. These figures underscore the Project's strong economic viability.
Payback Period: Investors can expect a payback period of less than five years, a relatively short timeframe for a project of this magnitude.
Robust margins: Exceptional EBITDA margins of 66 percent over the first 10 years of operations, with C1 costs in the bottom half of industry and 17 percent pre-tax net operating cashflow margins (including sustaining capital) at current bottom of the cycle spot prices (October 2024 spot of US$10,888/t of lithium carbonate)
Significant future upside. Several opportunities identified in the PFS have potential to significantly enhance returns, which includes process optimisation to reduce opex/capex as well as potential for production of by-products. Additionally, there remains significant optionality to further exploit the ore body, with only ~15 percent of the current resource included in the PFS schedule (on contained metal basis).
The PFS estimates a total project cost of US$3.02 billion, which includes a conservative 21 percent contingency provision estimated on P70 basis (70 percent probability total capital cost will be lower), prepared by US headquartered global engineering and construction firm, Fluor Corporation. This substantial investment is expected to provide the platform for a long life, stable supply of domestically sourced battery grade lithium chemicals, which is expected to be highly attractive to partners in the battery value chain.
Project Overview
The McDermitt Project is located in Malheur County on the Oregon-Nevada border and is approximately 35 kilometres west of the town of McDermitt. The 100-percent-owned asset covers 54.6 square kilometres of claims at the northern end of the McDermitt volcanic caldera.
The Project is characterised by its unique sedimentary lithium deposits, primarily composed of lithium-bearing clays, a geological formation that sets McDermitt apart from many other lithium projects worldwide. This sedimentary nature of the deposit offers several advantages, including:
- Consistent grade distribution throughout the ore body
- Potential for large-scale, low-cost mining operations
- Amenability to environmentally friendly extraction methods
The lithium-rich clays at McDermitt are part of a broader geological context that includes volcanic tuffs and sedimentary rocks. This geological setting is indicative of a complex depositional history, which has resulted in the concentration of lithium in economically viable quantities.
The 2023 mineral resources estimate (MRE) for McDermitt contains a combined indicated and inferred mineral resource inventory of 3 billion tonnes at 1,340 parts per million (ppm) lithium for a total of 21.5 Mt LCE at 1,000 ppm cut-off grade. As part of the PFS, a maiden ore reserve estimate was declared of 251 @1,761 ppm Lithium for 2.34 Mt LCE (representing only ~11 percent of MRE)
Project Highlights:
- Rare Sediment-hosted Lithium Deposits: The McDermitt asset supports low-cost mining operations due to its flat-lying sediments. This type of lithium deposit is amenable to low-cost mining operations, while still producing excellent metallurgical results.
- Low cost mining. Ore is soft, free-digging material, located at surface with a strip ratio of only 1.3 over project life. As a result mining costs are relatively low.
- Fluor recommended processing route: In March 2023, US engineering group Fluor reviewed all testwork undertaken at McDermitt and recommended beneficiation and acid leaching as the optimal processing route (similar to that used by more advanced peers in the region).
- Battery-grade lithium carbonate successfully produced: Process flowsheet was validated through PFS test work program, which produced battery grade lithium carbonate in July 2024. This is an important milestone validating all steps of the processing flowsheet for the Project from ore beneficiation and leaching to purification and production of battery-grade lithium carbonate.
- High metallurgical recovery. PFS test work demonstrated exceptional recoveries through beneficiation and acid leaching steps, with an average metallurgical recovery of 84.4 percent over first 40 years, comparing favourably to industry peers.
Management Team
Ian Rodger - Chief Executive Officer
Ian Rodger is a qualified mining business executive with almost 15 years of experience in various roles including as a mining engineer for Rio Tinto across two large greenfield mine developments, before successfully transitioning into mining corporate finance where he held Executive and Director positions at RFC Ambrian overseeing origination and management of numerous mandates across a range of corporate advisory roles. Ian was the project director for Oz Minerals (ASX:OZL) where he made significant contributions to successfully define the value potential of the West Musgrave nickel/copper province through the delivery of a portfolio of growth studies. Most notably, he led technical, market and partnership development workstreams, successfully confirming value potential for producing an intermediate Nickel product for the battery value chain.
Ian holds a Bachelor of Mining Engineering from the University of Queensland, a Masters of Mineral Economics from Curtin University and is also a graduate of the Australian Institute of Company Directors and member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
Lindsay Dudfield - Executive Director
Lindsay Dudfield is a geologist with over 40 years of experience in multi-commodity exploration, primarily within Australia. He held senior positions with the mineral divisions of Amoco and Exxon. In 1987, he became a founding director of Dalrymple Resources NL and spent the following eight years helping acquire and explore Dalrymple’s properties, leading to several greenfield discoveries. In late 1994, Lindsay joined the board of Horizon Mining NL (Jindalee Lithium’s predecessor) and has been responsible for managing Jindalee Lithium since inception. Lindsay is a member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, the Australian Institute of Geoscientists, the Geological Society of Australia and the Society of Economic Geologists. He is also a non-executive director of Jindalee spin-out companies Energy Metals (ASX:EME), Dynamic Metals (ASX:DYM) and Alchemy Resources (ASX:ALY).
Wayne Zekulich - Non-executive Chair
Wayne Zekulich was appointed to the board as Chair on 1 February 2024. He holds a Bachelor of Business and is a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants. Zekulich is a consultant and non-executive director who has substantial experience in advising, structuring and financing transactions in the infrastructure and resources sectors. He was previously the head of Rothschild in Perth, chief financial officer of Gindalbie Metals Limited, chief development officer of Oakajee Port and Rail and a consultant to a global investment bank. Currently, he is chair of Pantoro (ASX:PNR) and non-executive director of the Western Australian Treasury Corporation. In the not-for-profit sector, he is the past chair of the Lester Prize and is a mentor in the Kilfinan program.
Darren Wates - Non-executive Director
Darren Wates is a corporate lawyer with over 23 years of experience in equity capital markets, mergers and acquisitions, resources, project acquisitions/divestments and corporate governance gained through private practice and in-house roles in Western Australia. Darren is the founder and principal of Corpex Legal, a Perth-based legal practice providing corporate, commercial and resources related legal services, primarily to small and mid-cap ASX listed companies. In this role, he has provided consulting general counsel services to ASX listed company Neometals (ASX:NMT) since 2016, having previously been employed as legal counsel of Neometals. Darren holds Bachelor's degrees in Law and Commerce and a Graduate Diploma in Applied Finance and Investment.
Paul Brown - Non-executive Director
Paul Brown has over 23 years of experience in the mining industry, most recently with Mineral Resources (ASX:MIN) where he was chief executive – lithium, and chief executive – commodities. Paul has held senior operating roles with Leighton, HWE and Fortescue (ASX:FMG) and has a strong track record in technical leadership, project/studies management, and mine planning and management. Paul is currently CEO of Core Lithium Limited (ASX:CXO). He holds a Master in Mine Engineering.
Brett Marsh - VP Geology and Development (US)
Brett Marsh is an AIPG certified professional geologist and a registered member of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration (SME) with over 25 years of diverse mining and geological experience. He has worked for and held senior leadership roles for Kastan Mining, Luna Gold, Kiska Metals, Newmont, Freeport-McMoRan, Phelps Dodge, ASARCO and consulted to deliver numerous NI 43-101 technical reports. Brett has demonstrated the ability to deliver results in culturally diverse and geographically difficult environments, such as Brazil, Peru, Chile, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Tanzania, Indonesia, Australia, and has also worked in remote areas of Alaska. He has managed all phases of the mining lifecycle including greenfield and brownfield exploration, project development (including preliminary economic assessments, pre-feasibility and feasibility), project construction, mine operations, and environmental. He successfully led multi-cultural teams to develop business processes and implementation plans for many mine development and operational projects.Argentina’s Lithium Resource Holds Potential to Power the Global Energy Transition
As the global energy landscape shifts towards cleaner alternatives, Argentina's position within the Lithium Triangle is emerging as a focal point for savvy investors.
This geological marvel, spanning Argentina, Bolivia and Chile, holds over half of the world's known lithium reserves, with Argentina poised to become a linchpin in the global lithium supply chain.
The country's vast salt flats, or 'salares', are not just natural wonders but veritable treasure troves for those looking to capitalise on the burgeoning demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage solutions.
The significance of Argentina's lithium resources is underscored by recent industry movements. For instance, Rio Tinto's (ASX:RIO,NYSE:RIO,LSE:RIO) $6.7 billion planned acquisition of Arcadium Lithium (NYSE:ALTM,ASX:LTM) highlights the growing interest in brine projects and the strategic value of their location within the Lithium Triangle.
This move signals a broader trend of major players recognising the potential of Argentina's lithium deposits.
The Lithium Triangle: A geological profile
The Lithium Triangle, aptly named for its abundance of the lightweight metal, is the world's largest source of lithium. This region holds the key to meeting the surging demand for lithium-ion batteries that power EVs and store renewable energy. Argentina, with its vast salt flats, is particularly well-positioned to capitalise on this demand.
This region’s extensive salt flats are the result of ancient lakes that have evaporated over millions of years. These salars are underlain by vast aquifers containing lithium-rich brines, formed through the weathering of lithium-bearing rocks. The concentration of lithium in these brines is exceptionally high, with some areas reporting concentrations up to 1,500 milligrams per litre (mg/L), significantly higher than deposits found elsewhere. This unique geological formation, coupled with the arid climate that promotes natural evaporation, creates ideal conditions for lithium extraction.
The geological stability of the region, marked by minimal tectonic activity, further enhances its attractiveness for long-term mining operations. These factors combine to make Argentina's lithium resources not only abundant but also economically viable and strategically accessible for extraction.
Argentina's lithium production primarily relies on brine extraction, a method that offers several advantages over traditional hard rock mining. This process involves pumping lithium-rich brine from underground reservoirs and allowing it to evaporate in large ponds, leaving behind concentrated lithium compounds.
The benefits of brine extraction include:
- Lower production costs compared to hard rock mining
- Reduced environmental impact due to less intensive mining operations
- Higher-grade lithium with fewer impurities, ideal for battery production
These factors contribute to Argentina's competitive edge in the global lithium market, making its projects particularly attractive to investors and battery manufacturers alike.
Spotlight on excellence: Hombre Muerto West project
A prime example of Argentina's lithium potential is Galan Lithium's (ASX:GLN) Hombre Muerto West (HMW) project. Located in the heart of Argentina's lithium-rich Salar del Hombre Muerto, this project exemplifies the high-grade, low-impurity brine that makes Argentine lithium so valuable.
Key features of the HMW project include:
- High-grade lithium brine with concentrations of 859 mg/L
- Low levels of impurities, reducing processing costs
- Strategic location near established operations like Livent Corporation's El Fenix site
- A substantial resource of approximately 8.6 million tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent
The project's proximity to existing operations enhances its value proposition, potentially allowing for shared infrastructure and knowledge transfer. This strategic positioning within the Lithium Triangle underscores the importance of location in the lithium industry.
Wood Mackenzie’s emissions benchmarking service has also placed HMW within the first quartile of the industry greenhouse gas emissions curve, making the project a globally significant, long-term source of lithium.
Argentina's commitment to lithium production
Recognising the immense potential of its lithium resources, Argentina has taken significant steps to foster growth in its lithium industry. The government has implemented a supportive regulatory framework aimed at attracting investment and accelerating project development.
Key initiatives include:
- A $7 billion investment plan to boost lithium production
- Projected export growth from $1.7 billion in 2022 to $5 billion by 2025
- Streamlined permitting processes for lithium projects
- Incentives for companies investing in lithium extraction and processing
These efforts are expected to significantly increase Argentina's lithium output, solidifying its position as a major player in the global supply chain.
Investment potential
The combination of high-grade resources, favorable extraction methods and supportive government policies makes Argentina's lithium projects highly attractive to investors. Companies like Galan Lithium, with their focus on high-grade brine assets, are well-positioned to capitalise on the growing demand for lithium in the clean energy sector.
Key factors driving investment interest in Argentina’s lithium sector include:
- Lower production costs compared to hard rock lithium mining
- High-quality lithium suitable for high-performance batteries
- Increasing global demand for lithium, driven by EV adoption and renewable energy storage
- Argentina's commitment to expanding its lithium industry
As the world transitions towards cleaner energy sources, the importance of securing a stable lithium supply becomes paramount. Argentina's lithium projects offer a compelling opportunity for investors looking to participate in this global shift.
Investor takeaway
Argentina's strategic position in the Lithium Triangle makes it a crucial player in the global lithium supply chain.
With its high-grade brine resources, favorable extraction methods and supportive government policies, the country is poised to significantly impact the future of clean energy technologies.
As projects like Galan Lithium's HMW continue to develop, and as global demand for lithium surges, Argentina's strategic importance in the lithium market is set to grow. For investors, policymakers and industry stakeholders, keeping a close eye on developments in Argentina's lithium sector will be crucial in navigating the evolving landscape of the global energy transition.
This INNSpired article is sponsored by Galan Lithium (ASX:GLN,FSX:9CH). This INNSpired article provides information which was sourced by the Investing News Network (INN) and approved by Galan Lithiumin order to help investors learn more about the company. Galan Lithium is a client of INN. The company’s campaign fees pay for INN to create and update this INNSpired article.
This INNSpired article was written according to INN editorial standards to educate investors.
INN does not provide investment advice and the information on this profile should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. INN does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company profiled.
The information contained here is for information purposes only and is not to be construed as an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of securities. Readers should conduct their own research for all information publicly available concerning the company. Prior to making any investment decision, it is recommended that readers consult directly with Galan Lithiumand seek advice from a qualified investment advisor.
Stardust Power
Zijin Mining in Talks to Acquire Stake in US$6.4 Billion Chinese Lithium Miner
China's Zijin Mining Group (OTC Pink:ZIJMF,SHA:601899) is reportedly in negotiations to acquire a potential controlling interest in Zangge Mining (SZSE:000408), a Chinese lithium producer.
According to Bloomberg, Zijin Mining is looking to purchase stakes from Zangge Mining’s two largest shareholders, Tibet Zangge Venture Capital and Ningbo Meishan Bonded Port Area Xinsha Hongyun Investment Management. Together, they control approximately 40 percent of Zangge Mining, which is valued at 46.6 billion yuan (US$6.4 billion).
Zangge Mining primarily produces potash for fertilizer, but derives around a third of its revenue from lithium extraction. Its lithium operations focus on salt lake brines in Qinghai, China’s mineral-rich western region.
Zangge Mining reported production of 9,278 metric tons of lithium carbonate in the first nine months of 2024.
Zijin Mining, a producer of copper and gold, has been expanding aggressively, with Chairman Chen Jinghe overseeing its transformation from a gold miner in Southeastern China to a global leader in resource extraction.
Acquiring a stake in Zangge Mining would boost Zijin Mining’s position in the lithium market while enhancing its control over the Julong copper project in Tibet, a joint venture between the two companies. Last year, they secured regulatory approval to increase Julong’s output to 350,000 metric tons per day, establishing it as China’s largest single copper mine.
Beyond China, Zijin Mining is also advancing lithium projects abroad.
The company plans to start lithium production in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2026, although it has postponed the start of its Argentina and Tibet projects to 2025 due to weak lithium prices and permitting delays.
The company’s strategic plan aims for annual production capacity of up to 300,000 metric tons of lithium by 2028. While its current output is limited, the acquisition of Zangge Mining could accelerate its progress toward that target.
Discussions are ongoing and are subject to agreement terms, board approval and regulatory compliance.
Lithium industry M&A heating up
Zijin Mining’s interest in Zangge Mining is part of a trend toward lithium M&A activity.
Major players like Rio Tinto (ASX:RIO,NYSE:RIO,LSE:RIO) have also pursued acquisitions in the lithium space, evidenced by Rio’s US$6.7 billion agreement to acquire Arcadium Lithium (NYSE:ALTM,ASX:LTM) last year.
Lithium remains a critical component in the transition to clean energy, and companies like Zijin Mining are leveraging their expertise in resource development to capture market opportunities.
The lithium market has experienced significant volatility since late 2022, with prices plummeting nearly 90 percent from their peak. However, this downturn in the industry has created opportunities for acquisitions as producers seek to consolidate and optimize operations amid weaker financial conditions.
By expanding its lithium footprint, Zijin Mining is positioning itself to play a key role in the global energy transition.
Zijin Mining is expected to release more details on the potential acquisition in the coming months.
Don’t forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time news updates!
Securities Disclosure: I, Giann Liguid, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
Lithium Market Forecast: Top Trends for Lithium in 2025
After a tumultuous 2024 that saw lithium carbonate prices tumble 22 percent amid a global supply glut, analysts are predicting another year of volatility for the important battery metal.
Even so, some balance is expected to return — according to S&P Global, the lithium surplus is projected to narrow to 33,000 metric tons in 2025, down from 84,000 metric tons in 2024, as production cuts begin to temper excess supply.
Demand from the electric vehicle (EV) market remains a key driver, with China maintaining its dominance after record-breaking sales in late 2024. In North America, the EV sector will face uncertainty under the Trump administration.
As 2025 unfolds, the lithium sector will also have to navigate geopolitical tensions, including rising tariffs on Chinese EVs and escalating trade disputes that are reshaping global supply chains.
“The name of the game in lithium (in 2025) is oversupply. Excess production in places like Africa and China, coupled with softer EV sales, has absolutely hammered the lithium price both in 2023 and 2024. I wouldn't think we can dig ourselves out of this hole in 2025 despite reliably strong EV sales,” said Chris Berry, president of House Mountain Partners.
In his view, the next 12 months could be unpredictable in terms of lithium price activity.
“Lithium price volatility is a feature of the energy transition and not a bug,” he said. “You have a small but fast-growing market, opaque pricing, legislation designed to rapidly build critical infrastructure underpinned by lithium and other metals, and this is a recipe for boom-and-bust cycles demonstrated by extremely high and extremely low pricing.”
For Gerardo Del Real of Digest Publishing, seeing prices for lithium contract by 80 percent over the last two years evidences a bottoming in the lithium market and also serves as a strong signal.
“I think the fact that we're up some 7 percent to close the year in 2024 in the spot price leads me to believe that we're going to see a pretty robust rebound in 2025. I think that's going to extend to the producers that have obviously been affected by the lower prices, but also to the quality exploration companies,” Del Real said in December.
He believes contrarian investors with a mid to long-term outlook have a prime opportunity to re-enter the space.
Lithium market to see more balance in 2025
As mentioned, widespread lithium production cuts are expected to help bring the sector into balance in 2025.
William Adams, head of base metals research at Fastmarkets, told the Investing News Network (INN) via email that output cuts for the battery metal have already started inside and outside of China.
“We expect further cutbacks if prices do not recover soon in the new year. While we have seen some cuts, we are also seeing some producers continue with their expansion plans and some advanced junior miners ramp up production. So we are now in a situation where we are waiting for demand to catch up with production again," he said.
Adams and Fastmarkets expect to see lithium demand catch up to production in late 2025. However, he warned that refreshed demand is unlikely to push prices to previous highs set in 2022.
“We do not expect to see a return to the highs we saw in 2022, as there are more producers and mines around now and there has been a buildup of stocks along the supply chain, especially in China,” he said.
“This should prevent any actual shortage being seen in 2025, but stocks can be held in tight hands, and if the market senses a tighter market, then they may be encouraged to restock, which could lift prices. But the restart of idle capacity in such a case is likely to keep prices rises in check," Adams added.
Analysts at Benchmark Mineral Intelligence are taking a similar stance, with a slightly more optimistic tone.
“In 2025, prices are likely to remain fairly rangebound. This is because Benchmark forecasts a relatively balanced market next year in terms of supply and demand,” said Adam Megginson, senior analyst at the firm. He also referenced output reductions in Australia and China, noting that they may not be as impactful as some market watchers anticipate.
This past July, Albemarle (NYSE:ALB), announced plans to halve processing capacity in Australia and pause an expansion at its Kemerton plant amid the prolonged lithium price slump. One of the plant’s two processing trains will be placed on care and maintenance, while construction of a third train has been scrapped.
“These supply contractions are likely to be balanced by capacity expansions due to come online in China in 2025, as well as in African countries like Zimbabwe and Mali,” Megginson said.
“Expect supply from these other regions to play a bigger role in the market in 2025.”
Unpredictable geopolitical situation to impact sector
Geopolitics is likely to play a key role in the lithium market this year, both directly and indirectly.
In 2024, the Biden administration raised tariffs on Chinese EVs to over 100 percent to counter alleged unfair trade practices, aiming to boost domestic production, but drawing criticism over potential supply chain disruptions.
Canada followed suit with similar 100 percent tariffs on Chinese EVs, as well as a 25 percent surcharge on Chinese steel and aluminum, citing the need to protect local industries. China has responded with World Trade Organization complaints against Canada and the US, along with the EU, labeling the measures protectionist.
Whether these tariffs against China will be enough to bolster the domestic North American EV market remains to be seen; however, the issue could become even more complicated if US President-elect Donald Trump makes good on his threats to levy tariffs on America's continental trade partners, Canada and Mexico.
Del Real doesn't expect US tariffs on critical minerals like lithium, but expressed concerns about a trade war.
“The bottom line is getting into a tit-for-tat with China is a dangerous proposition because of the leverage they have, especially in the commodity space, and so the tariffs are going to be passed down to consumers," he said. In his view, Trump's tariff threats could be more of a negotiating tactic than a sustained strategy.
More broadly, the experts INN heard from expect resource nationalism, near shoring and supply chain security to play prevalent roles in the lithium market and the critical minerals space as a whole.
“There's no doubt that lithium in particular has become politicized as policy makers across the globe have awoken from their slumber and realized that dependence on critical materials and supply chains in a single country is a bad idea for both economic and national security,” said Berry, noting that China had this realization decades ago.
“There is no easy fix, and you're looking at roughly a decade before any western countries have any sort of a regionalized or 'friend-shored' supply chain. Accelerating this would involve massive capital investment, patience and most importantly, political will. North America in particular has made great strides in recent years, but we have a long way to go. I'm not sure if fully decoupling from China is even a good idea," the battery metals expert added.
For Benchmark’s Megginson, 2025 could be a year of increased domestic development.
“We have seen several countries attempting to adopt some form of 'resource nationalism.' In some cases, this has been driven by wanting to onshore the production of critical minerals that are necessary for defense and nuclear applications. In others, it stems from a desire to be more self-sufficient so they can be more resilient to supply shocks.”
Proposed tariffs from Trump could also serve as a catalyst for US lithium output.
“With the incoming Trump administration, everyone has their eyes on how promises of increased tariffs will be implemented. Ultimately, heavier tariffs would accelerate efforts to onshore capacity in the US,” Megginson said.
“We may see the EU following suit with tariffs. There has been much said of the diversification of the lithium market away from China, but many of those efforts stalled in 2024 as the downswing in prices and a shifting geopolitical landscape made these endeavors more challenging," added the Benchmark senior analyst.
This nationalistic focus is also projected to impact refinement capacity and jurisdiction.
“While extracting the lithium from the ground has been successfully done in non-incumbent countries, such as in Brazil, Central Africa and Canada, with others expected to follow, the building of refining capacity has proved more difficult from a know-how and cost point of view, with a number of companies announcing that they are reining in some expansion plans, canceling some building projects or delaying decisions,” Adams of Fastmarkets said.
He went on to note that South Korea is an area to watch.
“Outside of China, South Korea has successfully ramped up new refining capacity, while Australia has had mixed results. The general issue is it’s hard to get the process right, and the CAPEX and OPEX outside of China means it is hard to be competitive. It will be interesting to see how Tesla’s (NASDAQ:TSLA) new Texas plant ramps up,” Adams noted.
Elsewhere, Adams pointed to the desire to secure supply chains. “Resource nationalism has also been an issue in some jurisdictions, with more countries now wanting processing capacity to be built in the country, and in order to force that they have banned the export of lithium-bearing ores. Zimbabwe a case in point,” he told INN.
Adams also pointed to Chile’s efforts to partially nationalize lithium producers, with the government mining company having controlling stakes in producers. “This could deter international investment in developing these mines,” he said. “In other metals, Indonesia has been very successful in playing the resource nationalism card.”
EV and ESS sectors to be key lithium price drivers
While the factors mentioned will undoubtedly impact the lithium industry in 2025, the market's most pronounced driver is the EV sector, and to a lesser extent the energy storage system (ESS) space.
“Demand for lithium-ion batteries is set to continue to grow rapidly in 2025. Benchmark forecasts that EV and ESS-related demand for lithium will both increase by over 30 percent year-on-year in 2025,” said Megginson.
To satiate this uptick in demand, “additional volumes of lithium will need to come to market.”
Megginson also noted that robust ESS demand is a positive demand signal for lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) cathode chemistries, but is unlikely to outweigh the mounting EV demand in China.
This sentiment was echoed by Berry of House Mountain Partners, who expects the EV and ESS sectors to continue dominating market share in terms of lithium end use. “EVs and ESS are roughly 80 percent of lithium demand, and this shows no signs of abating. Other lithium demand avenues will grow reliably at global GDP, but the future of lithium is tied to increasing proliferation of the lithium-ion battery,” he commented to INN.
Despite weak EV sales in Europe and North America in 2024, Fastmarkets’ Adams expects to see a recovery in demand from these regions, paired with strong sales in China. The dip in European sales, particularly in Germany after subsidy cuts in early 2024, mirrors China’s 2019 slowdown following subsidy reductions. However, as with China, the decline appears temporary, with a recovery expected as stricter emissions penalties take effect in Europe in 2025.
Additionally, Adams pointed to the growing adoption of extended-range EVs, which address range anxiety and use larger batteries than plug-in hybrid EVs, as a catalyst for lithium demand.
However, he noted that the outlook for EVs in the US remains uncertain as Trump takes the helm.
“ESS demand has been particularly strong, especially in China, and we expect that to continue as the need to build renewable energy generation capacity is ever present and has a wide footprint. For example, ESS buildout in India is strong, whereas demand for EVs is less strong, but again it is strong for 2/3 wheelers," said Adams. He added that low prices for battery raw materials have lowered prices for lithium-ion batteries, benefiting ESS projects.
Ultimately the lithium market is expected to see volatility in 2025, but could also present opportunities.
"I can see a 100 to 150 percent rebound in the lithium spot price easily in 2025. And again, I think there's a lot of opportunity there,” Del Real of Digest Publishing emphasized to INN.
For Megginson, the sector will be shaped by geopolitics and relations moving forward.
“Policy will have a huge role to play in driving price trends in 2025," he said.
"For instance, there remains uncertainty around how the tariffs promised by an incoming Trump administration in the US would be implemented, and how they could reshape the global lithium landscape."
Don't forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time updates!
Securities Disclosure: I, Georgia Williams, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
Editorial Disclosure: Beyond Lithium and Grid Battery Metals are clients of the Investing News Network. This article is not paid-for content.
The Investing News Network does not guarantee the accuracy or thoroughness of the information reported in the interviews it conducts. The opinions expressed in these interviews do not reflect the opinions of the Investing News Network and do not constitute investment advice. All readers are encouraged to perform their own due diligence.
Electrification, Supply Chain Targets Drive Interest in Nevada’s Lithium Potential
As the global push for clean energy intensifies, lithium has emerged as a critical component in the transition away from fossil fuels.
While it’s long been known for its gold deposits, Nevada is now emerging at the forefront of North America’s clean energy transition. With significant lithium resources, Nevada could reshape the energy landscape and provide lucrative opportunities for savvy investors.
Metal of the future
As the key ingredient in lithium-ion batteries, lithium has an important role to play in the global energy transition. It powers everything from smartphones to electric vehicles (EVs) and grid-scale energy storage systems. The demand for lithium is skyrocketing, with projections indicating a potential 25 fold increase in demand from the EV sector alone by 2030.
This surge in demand is creating a significant supply gap. Current production levels are struggling to keep pace, with some analysts predicting a quadrupling of overall lithium demand by the end of the decade. The need for secure and sustainable lithium sources has never been more critical, placing Nevada in a prime position to capitalize on this growing market.
Home to Thacker Pass, the largest-known lithium deposit in the US, Nevada currently hosts the only producing lithium mine in North America.
Nevada's geological makeup is uniquely suited for lithium production. The state boasts vast deposits of lithium-rich brines and clays, formed through diverse geological processes over millions of years. This natural abundance, coupled with Nevada's mining-friendly policies and robust infrastructure, makes it an ideal location for lithium exploration and extraction.
The state's long history with critical minerals adds another layer of advantage. Nevada's experienced workforce and established supply chains provide a solid foundation for the burgeoning lithium industry. As the US seeks to secure its supply of critical minerals, Nevada's lithium resources have become increasingly strategic.
Domestic production: A national priority
The importance of domestic lithium production extends beyond economic benefits. It's a matter of national security and energy independence. By reducing reliance on foreign lithium sources, particularly from countries like China that currently dominate the market, the US can strengthen its position in the global clean energy race.
The federal government has recognized this imperative, designating lithium as essential to economic and national security. Various initiatives and funding programs have been launched to support domestic lithium production and processing. These efforts not only bolster the industry but also create a favorable environment for investors looking to capitalize on this growing sector.
GMV Minerals: Striking lithium gold
Among the companies at the forefront of Nevada's lithium boom is GMV Minerals (TSXV:GMV).
The company’s move to acquire the Daisy Creek project in Lander County, Nevada, through a three year option agreement, catalyzed its strategic entry into the lithium market. Covering approximately 1,250 hectares, the Daisy Creek project has shown promising results in initial drilling programs.
GMV Minerals has reported intersecting two substantial layers of lithium-rich claystone, indicating significant mineralization potential. Early exploration results suggest considerable tonnages can be inferred from drill holes, paving the way for further exploration and development.
The company has commenced a detailed drilling program to evaluate and expand the lithium resources at Daisy Creek. Preliminary results from four drill holes have shown encouraging signs of high-grade lithium claystone mineralization, reinforcing the project's potential as a significant contributor to lithium supply.
Dual focus: Mitigating risk, maximizing opportunity
What sets GMV Minerals apart is its dual focus on gold in Arizona and lithium in Nevada.
This strategic approach allows the company to mitigate risks associated with commodity price fluctuations while tapping into emerging market demands. For investors, this multi-commodity exploration strategy offers enhanced growth opportunities and the potential for optimized operational efficiencies.
By leveraging its expertise in gold mining, GMV Minerals is well-positioned to navigate the complexities of the emerging lithium market effectively. This diversification strategy aligns with broader market dynamics, appealing to forward-looking investors seeking exposure to both traditional and future-focused commodities.
Challenges and opportunities
While the future of lithium in Nevada looks bright, it's not without challenges.
Environmental concerns regarding mining practices and water usage in the arid state need to be addressed. Local communities may express reservations about the operational impacts on their environment and water supply.
However, these challenges are balanced by significant opportunities. Nevada's comprehensive lithium supply chain, encompassing all phases from mining to recycling, positions it as a crucial player in the global market. The state's strategic initiatives and government support could inspire sustainable practices while promoting economic development.
Forecasts suggest substantial growth in the lithium market, with Nevada poised to capitalize on this trend. If current projections hold, the global lithium-ion battery market could surge from $21.95 billion in 2020 to $115 billion by 2030. This growth trajectory presents a compelling case for investment in Nevada's lithium industry.
Investor takeaway
Nevada's lithium resources represent a compelling opportunity for investors looking to participate in the clean energy revolution. With its geological advantages, supportive policies and strategic importance to US energy independence, the state is well positioned to become a global leader in lithium production.
Companies like GMV Minerals, with their strategic approach to multi-commodity exploration, offer investors a unique entry point into this burgeoning market. As the demand for lithium continues to soar, driven by the rapid adoption of EVs and renewable energy technologies, Nevada's lithium industry stands ready to power the future — and potentially deliver significant returns for astute investors.
This INNSpired article is sponsored by GMV Minerals (TSXV:GMV,OTCQB:GMVMF). This INNSpired article provides information which was sourced by the Investing News Network (INN) and approved by GMV Mineralsin order to help investors learn more about the company. GMV Minerals is a client of INN. The company’s campaign fees pay for INN to create and update this INNSpired article.
This INNSpired article was written according to INN editorial standards to educate investors.
INN does not provide investment advice and the information on this profile should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. INN does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company profiled.
The information contained here is for information purposes only and is not to be construed as an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of securities. Readers should conduct their own research for all information publicly available concerning the company. Prior to making any investment decision, it is recommended that readers consult directly with GMV Minerals and seek advice from a qualified investment advisor.
Full HMW Phase 2 (21Ktpa LCE) Mining Permit Granted
Galan Lithium Limited (ASX: GLN) (Galan or the Company) is pleased to announce that the Catamarca Ministro – Ministerio de Mineria (Mines Department Minister) has granted Galan the full Phase 2 mining permit for 21ktpa LCE production at its 100% owned HMW lithium brine project in Argentina. The grant of the permit means Galan has the ability to expand production up to 21ktpa LCE, subject to securing project finance and following the delivery of Phase 1 (up to 5.4ktpa LCE).
Highlights
- Phase 2 Hombre Muerto West (HMW) mining permit has been granted, securing the pathway for Galan’s continued development at HMW at an efficient commercial scale up to 21,000 tpa LCE
- The granted permit includes all construction activities including ponds, plant, onsite laboratory, power and other required infrastructure
- HMW Phase 2 production would be cash flow positive at today’s lithium carbonate prices. Independent benchmarking highlights HMW as being within the first quartile of the lithium industry AISC cost curve
- The granting of Phase 2 permits supports Galan’s application for the RIGI, Argentina’s new incentive regime for large scale investments
“We are delighted with the grant of the Phase 2 mining permit which continues to solidify our strong relationship with the local Catamarcan authorities. It will allow Galan to increase production over threefold from Phase 1 and produce a premium quality lithium chloride product, which is in high demand.
Importantly, HMW is positioned in the first quartile of the cost curve and Phase 2 production would be cash flow positive even at today’s prevailing lithium carbonate prices. HMW is now poised to be a long term and resilient globally significant source of lithium supply.”
Figure 1. Wood Mackenzie 2028 Lithium Cost Curve: AISC (US$/t LCE)Wood Mackenzie Disclaimer “The foregoing information was obtained from the Lithium Cost Service™ a product of Wood Mackenzie.” "The data and information provided by Wood Mackenzie should not be interpreted as advice and you should not rely on it for any purpose. You may not copy or use this data and information except as expressly permitted by Wood Mackenzie in writing. To the fullest extent permitted by law, Wood Mackenzie accepts no responsibility for your use of this data and information except as specified in a written agreement you have entered into with Wood Mackenzie for the provision of such of such data and information." Information sourced in December 2024.
Wood Mackenzie’s emissions benchmarking service has also placed HMW within the first quartile of the industry greenhouse gas emissions curve. Strong environmental, social and governance principles have been a governing tenet of the development strategy for HMW, which focuses on the production of a lithium chloride concentrate from conventional evaporation allowing for significantly reduced energy and water consumption. In line with Galan’s commitment to social principles, at least 70% local content in employment and contracting opportunities has been targeted at HMW and remains a keen focus for the Government of Catamarca and Galan. Skills and training opportunities have been provided to increase local participation, with a view to creating a skilled local workforce and supply chain for sustainable long-term operations.
Galan has demonstrated considerable progress on the HMW project, including:
- 2019: Discovery well drilled, marking the inception of the HMW project.
- 2020-2024: Mineral Resource established and expanded, now ranked as a global Top 20 lithium resource.
- 2023: Completion of Phase 1 and Phase 2 Definitive Feasibility Studies (DFS), validating the project's technical and economic viability (https://wcsecure.weblink.com.au/pdf/GLN/02720109.pdf).
- 2023: Secured all required approvals for Phase 1 construction and commenced construction.
- 2024: Continued construction and built a lithium inventory in the ponds of over 6,000 tonnes LCE.
- 2025: Full mining permit for Phase 2 granted, securing the pathway for continued development.
Chairman of Galan, Richard Homsany, commented:
“The grant of the Phase 2 mining permit is testament to the hard work and commitment of our dedicated team, and also highlights the strong long-term relationships we have fostered with the Government of Catamarca and local communities, who we sincerely thank for their continued ongoing support. Through action we have demonstrated the benefits of our HMW operations: economically though the generation of employment, procurement and trade opportunities and socially through education, community programs and training opportunities. We look forward to continuing to work in co-operation with the Government of Catamarca and all stakeholders to maximise the benefits of Galan’s operations in the community, and ensure they are sustainable.”
The HMW project is separated into four production phases. The Phase 1 DFS is based on the production of 5.4ktpa LCE of lithium chloride concentrate, with production anticipated in the second half of 2025.
The Phase 2 DFS, announced on 3 October 2023, targets medium-term production of 21ktpa LCE of lithium chloride concentrate. Arcadium Lithium Plc, which is subject to a change of control transaction from Rio Tinto Limited, produced around 20ktpa LCE from the adjacent mining permit at Salar de Hombre Muerto in 2023.
Phase 3 at HMW aims to achieve 40ktpa LCE within a 2-5 year horizon whilst Phase 4 represents a longer-term target of 60ktpa LCE, leveraging lithium brine sourced from both HMW and Galan’s other 100%-owned project in Argentina, Candelas.
The phased development of the HMW and Candelas Mineral Resources mitigates funding and execution risk and allows for continuous process improvement. The production of lithium chloride as a product is in demand from lithium converters as battery chemistry is trending towards lithium iron phosphate technology. Galan received permission to sell lithium chloride from the Catamarca Government earlier in 2024.
The Phase 2 mining permit also supports Galan’s application for the Argentinian Régimen de Incentivo para Grandes Inversiones (RIGI). Subject to meeting the eligibility criteria for RIGI, the RIGI can provide the following key incentives:
- The corporate income tax rate is set at 25% (ordinarily 35%)
- Accelerated depreciation
- Absence of time limits in the computation of tax loss carry forwards
- Concessions on import duty, VAT and withholding tax
- Greater flexibility on foreign exchange movements
- Fiscal stability for a period of 30 years
Galan’s JP Vargas de la Vega further stated:
“Our plan for HMW is unchanged, beginning with Phase 1. Our immediate focus is finalising the financing and offtake arrangements for Phase 1. Once secured, our operations team will complete construction and commence first production of lithium chloride concentrate. While the operations team advances Phase 1 construction our corporate team, supported by advisors, will commence a project financing process for Phase 2.”
Click here for the full ASX Release
This article includes content from Galan Lithium, licensed for the purpose of publishing on Investing News Australia. This article does not constitute financial product advice. It is your responsibility to perform proper due diligence before acting upon any information provided here. Please refer to our full disclaimer here.
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