Comstock Announces First Quarter 2024 Results and Corporate Updates

Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) ("Comstock," "our," and the "Company"), today announced its first quarter 2024 results, business updates and an updated 2024 business outlook.

"We are pushing the boundaries of technology and sustainability, especially in metals, fuels, and artificial intelligence, by leveraging our technical bench, our diverse and growing technology portfolio, and our frontier research and development partner networks that are now delivering tangible solutions that impact industries, economies, and communities," stated Corrado De Gasperis, the Company's Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. "Metals is a great example, having just achieved a major milestone by producing 100% salable products from a first-of-its-kind, zero-landfill, recycling facility."

Selected Segment Highlights for the First Quarter of 2024

Comstock Metals

Secured all required operating permits and commenced production in Silver Springs, Nevada;
Secured revenue generating contracts and began receiving large quantities of end-of-life solar panels;
Commissioned and successfully tested all stages of production, producing 100% salable materials;
Collected cash payments on receivables for substantially all of the panels received to date;
Identified and securing lease for industry scale production facility with up to 100,000 tons of annual production; and
Prepared permits for first expanded industry scale storage site.

"Comstock Metals crossed the first finish line with a successful commissioning of our first, zero-landfill, solar panel recycling facility that is now producing three distinct, renewable products from end-of-life solar panels," added De Gasperis. "Our unit economics are highly attractive with better-than-expected processing cycles. These achievements position our metals team for more rapid expansions, for both storage and production, with 2-3 more facilities now in planning for Nevada alone."

Comstock Fuels

Commenced ongoing sample production of commercially available hydrodeoxygenated Bioleum Oil ("HBO");
Executed agreements for up to a $3 million investment in Sweden-based RenFuel K2B AB ("RenFuel");
Expanded research and development projects for even higher yields and lower costs of our biorefining solutions;
Completed multiple, scaled techno-economic analysis for deploying customer solutions across the Americas; and
Proposed on and in advanced discussions with multiple operationally experienced, well-capitalized customers.

"Last year we validated industry-leading yields exceeding 100 gallons per dry tonne of wood on a gasoline gallon equivalent basis ("GGE") and confirmed market-leading, extremely low carbon intensity ("CI") score of 15 on our woody biomass fuel solutions," said De Gasperis. "We are now engaged across the industry for both technology adoption and monetization, wherein our customers are doing diligence on varying scales of facility adoptions, economic assessments and investment into fuels."

Comstock Mining

Our mining teams have advanced our monetization plans for the northern part of the district, primarily our Storey County mineral estate, including the northern targets currently under lease and they have advanced our internal economic feasibility assessment for the southern part of the district, including updating all sensitivities for the current, higher mineral prices. We:

Updated our internal Dayton-Spring Valley economic assessment using current pricing assumptions;
Operationalized a first-of-its-kind satellite sensor platform through Quantum Generative Materials ("GenMat's") Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Imaging ("HRSI") system, for optimizing future mineral exploration and discovery;
Advanced Dayton's mineral resource expansion plan together with GenMat's geophysical teams; and
Prepared, well-positioned and ready for the first full imaging scans of the Comstock historic district.

"Our economic assessment for the existing Dayton resource, including projected cash flows have more than doubled since last year based on our comprehensive update, including cost updates, and higher gold and silver prices," added De Gasperis. "Regardless of the high probability of further resource expansion in the Dayton-Spring Valley complex, our existing economic feasibility can only grow from here with an added, extraordinary opportunity for a highly valuable, post productive land use."

Strategic Investments (Minority Investments by the Company)

Realigned our ownership of GenMat to 32% with direct technology rights for biofuels and mineral discovery;
Green Li-ion Pte, Ltd. ("Green Li-ion") launched its first production facility for renewable cathode materials; and
Sierra Springs Opportunity Fund Inc. ("SSOF") executed a high-value LOI for a property purchase in Silver Springs.

"GenMat has rapidly built an exceptional team, a remarkable data infrastructure and platform, and achieved a series of critical technical milestones surrounding its physics-based AI, simulation, engineering, and satellite remote sensing technology with only about $15 million of expenditures to date. It is now actively commercializing its solutions with sophisticated, industry leading technical, industrial, and governmental partners," stated De Gasperis. "This realignment and simplification positions GenMat to accelerate its commercialization and monetization efforts in every way, while we retain early-adopter rights for the use of these breakthrough technologies, enabling further advancements across both our biofuel and mineral discovery fields."

GenMat

Comstock and GenMat recently agreed to simplify GenMat's corporate and capital structure wherein GenMat will reincorporate as a Delaware corporation and issue common stock to Comstock (in exchange for the Company's existing membership units) corresponding to 32% of GenMat's fully diluted, reserved, and outstanding shares for Comstock's $15 million cash and stock investment. Comstock maintains technology rights in the fields of biofuel development and mineral discovery and mining.

"This represents an exceptional pre-money valuation from our original investment as we continue supporting the technology developments in mineral discovery and low-carbon fuels and committing ongoing investment funds while GenMat commercializes its proprietary technology and assesses multiple, favorable outside capital opportunities," said De Gasperis. "We anticipate GenMat consummating these transactions this year, and effectively closing out our investment commitment."

RenFuel

Comstock Fuels is already using RenFuel's patented catalytic esterification technology to refine its proprietary derivatives into HBO for use by advanced refineries in blending with, diversifying, and extending conventional fat, oil and grease feedstocks that can simultaneously produce SAF and Renewable Diesel. Comstock Fuels holds the exclusive license to RenFuel's refining technologies for production in all the Americas and available for global sale and distribution.

"RenFuel's team, technologies and our now collaborative joint venture are highly strategic and already impactful to our active commercialization activities," said De Gasperis, "RenFuel's highly specialized chemical expertise adds to the breadth and depth of our own technical team and their enabling patent portfolio complements our own extensive intellectual property portfolio. We are building a world class innovation and technology powerhouse, and we are just getting started."

Green Li-ion

Green Li-ion recently announced the launch of its first commercial-scale installation to produce sustainable, battery-grade materials, the first of its kind in North America. The facility is located in Oklahoma and is expecting to produce valuable battery-grade cathode and anode materials from concentrated components of spent, end-of-life batteries.

De Gasperis continued: "Green Li-Ion was an early-stage minority investments with direct strategic importance that has made tremendous progress in its technology readiness and also seen remarkable appreciation in value that has now been validated on multiple occasions by third party transactions. The commercial advancements in Oklahoma further enhance their intrinsic value and position us to better monetize our investment, this year, for nearly $20 million in cash proceeds."

Other Strategic Investments

The Company's strategic investments have all proven to have direct impact on its goal of accelerating the commercialization of hard technologies for the energy transition. Our innovations team has also recently identified and is investing in additional pathways for breakthrough increases in our biofuel yields and significant reductions in our CI scores and costs.

"We will continue innovating and investing, within our own team and an expanded network of world-class innovation partners, with the long-term objective of matching the effectiveness and efficiency of petroleum, in every possible way," said De Gasperis. "Producing sustainable aviation fuel and other renewable fuels at fossil parity isn't merely an obsession or dream of some of our leaders. We aren't that far away, and our strategic investments are providing a real line of sight on that possibility."

Consolidated Financial Results

During the three-month period ending March 31, 2024, we:

Decreased total assets to $104.9 million, down from $106.5 million at December 31, 2023;
Increased total liabilities to $30.9 million, up from $28.2 million at December 31, 2023;
Increased total debt to $10.9 million, up from $9.9 million at December 31, 2023;
Extended the maturities on our GHF Inc. and Alvin Fund note obligations until April 15, 2026;
Increased revenues to $0.4 million, from nil in the comparable 2023 quarter;
Decreased loss from operations to $4.6 million, from a loss of $5.1 million in the comparable 2023 quarter;
Increased net loss attributable to Comstock to $6.9 million, up from $5.7 million in the comparable 2023 quarter;
Net loss per share to $0.06 was comparable to 2023 quarter net loss per share of $0.06; and
Outstanding common shares were 122,615,150 and 138,245,070 at March 31, 2024, and April 26, 2024, respectively.

"We also expanded our pioneering innovation network with a committed corporate investment of $1.5 million for 40% of an unaffiliated development stage company, working in stealth-mode on advanced energy transition technologies," stated Mr. De Gasperis. "While we continue aligning our balance sheet and for the highest financial future impact, including extending our note maturities to April 2026 and funded the substantial majority of our AST and Haywood Quarry acquisitions, resulting in both AST and Decommissioning Services LLC becoming large shareholders, reaffirming their confidence in both us and our commercialization plans," "Our upcoming monetization's will punctuate a very well-repositioned growth portfolio."

OUTLOOK

Comstock Fuel's 2024 objectives include:

Executing revenue generating commercial agreements for at least one industry-scale joint development project with operationally experienced, technologically sophisticated, and well capitalized customers;
Executing revenue generating technical and engineering services agreements, ultimately in pursuit of license agreements for commercial production facilities that would each create running royalties for decades;
Advancing and expanding our innovation network for even higher yields and lower costs; and
Expanding our integrated biointermediate production system, including cellulosic ethanol and HBO.

Comstock Metals 2024 objectives include:

Commissioning the photovoltaic material recycling;
Commencing continuous production of our recycling facility and advancing the technology readiness;
Expanding our existing revenue generating supply commitments; and
Finalizing the design and site selection for the next 2-3 "industry-scale" facilities and commence permitting.

Industry scale facilities are expected to have up to 100,000 tons of annual capacity with market projections of up to 1 million tons of annual, end-of-life solar panels getting decommissioned by 2030, primarily in the southwest region of the U.S.

Comstock Mining 2024 objectives include:

Receiving cash proceeds of more than $2 million from mineral leases leveraging the northern district claims;
Commercializing mineral development agreements that enable resource expansion of the central district claims;
Developing with GenMat, AI-based exploration tools, using Comstock's extensive geologic data along with GENMAT-1's hyperspectral imaging solution to condition and develop the AI and ground-truth its predictions; and
Complete the development and mine plans that enables the economic development of the southern district claims.

Our 2024 efforts will apply economic analysis to our existing gold and silver resources progressing toward full economic feasibility for the southern part of the district and the ultimate development of full mine and reclamation plans.

GenMat's 2024 objectives include:

Elevating new material simulation to TRL 7 by ongoing synthesis and testing of the physics-based AI's ability to accurately predict material properties with confirmed precision and accuracy;
Commercializing its space-based hyperspectral imaging sensor for mineral discovery applications; and
Commercializing physics-based AI solutions to enterprise clients for advanced materials simulation and synthesis.

GenMat's technologies have advanced much faster than anticipated and multiple commercial agreements are likely in 2024.

CONFERENCE CALL DETAILS

Comstock will host a conference call today, Tuesday, April 30, 2024, at 8 a.m. ET to report its First Quarter 2024 results and business update. We invite all investors and other interested parties to register for the webinar at the link below.

Date: April 30, 2024

Time: 5 am PT/8 am ET

Register: Webinar Registration

HAVE QUESTIONS? There will be an allotted time following the results presentation for a Q&A session. Unaddressed questions will be reviewed by management and responded to accordingly. You may submit your question(s) beforehand in the registration form (linked above) or by email at ir@comstockinc.com .

About Comstock
Comstock Inc. (NYSE: LODE) commercializes innovative technologies that contribute to global decarbonization by efficiently converting under-utilized natural resources, primarily, woody biomass into net zero renewable fuels, end-of-life metal extraction, and generative AI-enabled advanced materials synthesis and mineral discovery. To learn more, please visit www.comstock.inc .

Comstock Social Media Policy
Comstock Inc. has used, and intends to continue using, its investor relations link and main website at www.comstock.inc in addition to its Twitter , LinkedIn and YouTube accounts, as means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with its disclosure obligations under Regulation FD.

CONTACTS:

For investor inquiries:
RB Milestone Group LLC
Tel (203) 487-2759
ir@comstockinc.com

For media inquiries or questions:
Comstock Inc., Zach Spencer
Tel (775) 847-7532
questions@comstockinc.com

Forward-Looking Statements
This press release and any related calls or discussions may include forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "project," "plan," "should," "intend," "may," "will," "would," "potential" and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of doing so. Forward-looking statements include statements about matters such as: future market conditions; future explorations or acquisitions; future changes in our research, development and exploration activities; future financial, natural, and social gains; future prices and sales of, and demand for, our products and services; land entitlements and uses; permits; production capacity and operations; operating and overhead costs; future capital expenditures and their impact on us; operational and management changes (including changes in the Board of Directors); changes in business strategies, planning and tactics; future employment and contributions of personnel, including consultants; future land and asset sales; investments, acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, operational, tax, financial and restructuring initiatives, including the nature, timing and accounting for restructuring charges, derivative assets and liabilities and the impact thereof; contingencies; litigation, administrative or arbitration proceedings; environmental compliance and changes in the regulatory environment; offerings, limitations on sales or offering of equity or debt securities, including asset sales and associated costs; business opportunities, growth rates, future working capital, needs, revenues, variable costs, throughput rates, operating expenses, debt levels, cash flows, margins, taxes and earnings. These statements are based on assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical and current trends, current conditions, possible future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees, representations or warranties and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are unforeseeable and beyond our control and could cause actual results, developments, and business decisions to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Some of those risks and uncertainties include the risk factors set forth in our filings with the SEC and the following: adverse effects of climate changes or natural disasters; adverse effects of global or regional pandemic disease spread or other crises; global economic and capital market uncertainties; the speculative nature of gold or mineral exploration, and lithium, nickel and cobalt recycling, including risks of diminishing quantities or grades of qualified resources; operational or technical difficulties in connection with exploration, metal recycling, processing or mining activities; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with precious and other metal based activities, including environmentally friendly and economically enhancing clean mining and processing technologies, precious metal exploration, resource development, economic feasibility assessment and cash generating mineral production; costs, hazards and uncertainties associated with metal recycling, processing or mining activities; contests over our title to properties; potential dilution to our stockholders from our stock issuances, recapitalization and balance sheet restructuring activities; potential inability to comply with applicable government regulations or law; adoption of or changes in legislation or regulations adversely affecting our businesses; permitting constraints or delays; challenges to, or potential inability to, achieve the benefits of business opportunities that may be presented to, or pursued by, us, including those involving battery technology and efficacy, quantum computing and generative artificial intelligence supported advanced materials development, development of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and related material production; commercialization of cellulosic technology in bio-fuels and generative artificial intelligence development services; ability to successfully identify, finance, complete and integrate acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, asset sales, and investments that we may be party to in the future; changes in the United States or other monetary or fiscal policies or regulations; interruptions in our production capabilities due to capital constraints; equipment failures; fluctuation of prices for gold or certain other commodities (such as silver, zinc, lithium, nickel, cobalt, cyanide, water, diesel, gasoline and alternative fuels and electricity); changes in generally accepted accounting principles; adverse effects of war, mass shooting, terrorism and geopolitical events; potential inability to implement our business strategies; potential inability to grow revenues; potential inability to attract and retain key personnel; interruptions in delivery of critical supplies, equipment and raw materials due to credit or other limitations imposed by vendors; assertion of claims, lawsuits and proceedings against us; potential inability to satisfy debt and lease obligations; potential inability to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting; potential inability or failure to timely file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission; potential inability to list our securities on any securities exchange or market or maintain the listing of our securities; and work stoppages or other labor difficulties. Occurrence of such events or circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, or the market price of our securities. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements by or attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Except as may be required by securities or other law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Neither this press release nor any related calls or discussions constitutes an offer to sell, the solicitation of an offer to buy or a recommendation with respect to any securities of the Company, the fund, or any other issuer. Neither this press release nor any related calls or discussions constitutes an offer to sell, the solicitation of an offer to buy or a recommendation with respect to any securities of the Company, the fund, or any other issuers.

News Provided by GlobeNewswire via QuoteMedia

nyse:lode

LODE

High-grade Gold Intercept Confirmed at Darlington

North Stawell Minerals (ASX:NSM) is pleased to announce an update on the results of its recent diamond drill program. The North Stawell Project includes a 504 km² contiguous package of ground that incorporates the gold-prospective corridor immediately north of Stawell Gold Mines’ operation at Stawell. A thin blanket of unmineralised sediments preserves potential for large, near-surface repeats of the multimillion-ounce ore deposit at Stawell. The current focus is on two priority targets, Wildwood and Darlington, which both have potential to be repeats of the multi-million-ounce mineralisation at Stawell.

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RUA GOLD Expands High-Grade Intercepts at Depth at Auld Creek: 5.9g/t AuEq over 9m and 48.3g/t AuEq over 1.25m

Rua Gold Inc. (TSXV: RUA) (OTCQB: NZAUF) (WKN: A40QYC) ("Rua Gold" or the "Company") is pleased to provide an update on its gold-antimony exploration at the Auld Creek project in the Reefton Goldfield on the South Island of New Zealand, reporting improved gold grades from current drilling in diamond drillholes ACDDH026, ACDDH027, ACDDH028.

Highlights:

Following up on the last high grade results from the Company, the next holes intersected broader zones of gold in hole ACDDH027 and narrow but strong gold-stibnite (antimony sulphide) mineralization in ACDDH028.
Assay results show:
- ACDDH026: 2.1m @ 1.25g/t Au from 175m depth
- ACDDH027: 9m @ 5.9g/t AuEq¹ (5.2g/t Au & 0.16% Sb) from 159m depth
- ACDDH028: 1.25m @ 48.3g/t AuEq¹ (13.3g/t Au & 8.1% Sb) from 210m depth
ACDD024,025 confirmed higher grade antimony mineralisation on the Fraternal shoot, the recent drilling ACDDH27,28 indicates an improvement in gold grade with depth.
The gold grades on the Fraternal shoot plunge to the south, current drilling is testing 80-100m below the current resource envelope, before pivoting to testing the northerly extensions of the Fraternal ore body.
Auld Creek has an inferred resource hosted by two ore shoots, Bonanza and Fraternal. This resource outcrops at surface and is continuous to 160m vertically and open at depth.
Surface soil geochemistry strongly endorses extensions to the Fraternal north prospect and Bonanza northeast prospect, confirming the system is traceable over a 2.5km length.

Robert Eckford, CEO of Rua Gold commented: "It is encouraging to see an improvement in gold grades with depth on the Fraternal lode, and the continuation of high-grade antimony accompanying the gold in narrow plunging shoots.

Drilling to date on Auld Creek antimony-gold prospect has increased confidence in the existing gold-antimony resource and highlighted higher-grade plunging shoots that remain open to the south. We are focused on expanding the Auld Creek resource both north and south, with intensified surface exploration showing early promise in identifying additional mineralization over its 2.5km length."

Figure 1: Overview of the Reefton Goldfield.

To view an enhanced version of this graphic, please visit:
https://images.newsfilecorp.com/files/10755/248701_e728e92b44814a54_012full.jpg

Figure 2: Fraternal and Bonanza ore shoots at Auld Creek.

Note that AuEq amounts have been calculated using recent spot prices of gold and antimony and applying a ~30% discount. The gold equivalent formula is based on AuEq = Au g/t + 4.3 x Sb% using a Au price of US$2065/oz, Sb price of US$34,300 per tonne and 85% recovery.

To view an enhanced version of this graphic, please visit:
https://images.newsfilecorp.com/files/10755/248701_e728e92b44814a54_013full.jpg

GLOBAL SUPPLY AND VALUE OF ANTIMONY

Antimony is a critical metalloid primarily sourced from the mineral, stibnite. It is highly valuable and increasing in demand due to its versatility and has essential applications across renewable energy, liquid battery metals, defence and technological sectors.

Due to its limited supply, predominantly controlled by China, Russia & Tajikistan, antimony is considered a strategic material essential for supply chain security, particularly during periods of geopolitical instability. This was heightened in August 2024, when China announced export controls on processed antimony products. In response to these controls, nations have accelerated their efforts to secure alternative sources of antimony to mitigate the risk of significant supply chain vulnerabilities.

The US, EU, UK, Japan, Canada and Australia all designate antimony as a critical mineral. On January 31, 2025, New Zealand also announced their Critical Mineral List which included antimony.

Reflecting heightened demand, the price of antimony has reached new highs, currently trading over US$50,000 per tonne, a significant increase from US$11,350 per tonne at the start of 2024. This market shift has intensified interest in the strategic antimony potential held by Rua Gold.

EXPLORATION POTENTIAL

Rua Gold commenced drilling at Auld Creek in December 2024. It has a targeted program to drill four mineralised shoots identified from historical surface exploration work interpreted by the Rua Gold team over the past 3 months.

Auld Creek is situated between two past producing mines, Globe Progress mine, and the Crushington Group of mines which collectively produced 933,000oz at 14.0g/t Au (Barry 1993). Auld Creek has three historic adits but no commercial production from the reefs.

Rua Gold has an inferred resource at Auld Creek indicating 700,000 tonnes at 3.1g/t Au and 1.1% Sb for 67,000oz of gold and 8,000 tonnes of antimony² (AuEq 110,000oz³). The resource is restricted to two of the four known shoots. Soil geochemistry indicates the potential for discovery of additional mineralised shoots over a strike length of 2.5km.

Four of the eight holes completed to date intersected 4-5m of strong visible stibnite (antimony sulfide) mineralization in the Fraternal-Bonanza structure.

Results from ACDDH024, ACDDH025 confirm the approximate average gold grades, but report higher antimony grades than the current resource estimate. Results from ACDDH027, ACDDH028 highlight above average gold grades with narrow but high-grade antimony in ACDDH028.

Ongoing drilling is targeting the southern plunging Fraternal gold-antimony shoot which remains open along strike and at depth.

Intensified surface exploration is showing very encouraging strong trends both north and north-west confirming additional targets on the Fraternal North and Bonanza north-west extensions.

Figure 3: Arsenic soil geochemistry over Auld Creek area.

To view an enhanced version of this graphic, please visit:
https://images.newsfilecorp.com/files/10755/248701_e728e92b44814a54_019full.jpg

ABOUT Rua Gold

Rua Gold is an exploration company, strategically focused on New Zealand. With decades of expertise, our team has successfully taken major discoveries into producing world-class mines across multiple continents. The team is now focused on maximizing the asset potential of Rua Gold's two highly prospective high-grade gold projects.

The Company controls the Reefton Gold District as the dominant landholder in the Reefton Goldfield on New Zealand's South Island with over 120,000 hectares of tenements, in a district that historically produced over 2Moz of gold grading between 9 and 50g/t.

The Company's Glamorgan Project solidifies Rua Gold's position as a leading high-grade gold explorer on New Zealand's North Island. This highly prospective project is located within the North Islands' Hauraki district, a region that has produced an impressive 15Moz of gold and 60Moz of silver. Glamorgan is adjacent to OceanaGold Corporation's biggest gold mining project, Wharekirauponga.

For further information, please refer to the Company's disclosure record on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Simon Henderson CP, AUSIMM, a qualified person under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects and Chief Operating Officer and a director of Rua Gold, has reviewed and approved the technical disclosure contained herein. Mr. Henderson has participated in the geochemical sampling, and mapping programs to verify that they have been conducted in accordance with standard operating procedures. Mr. Henderson has verified the data disclosed by running checks on the location, analytical, and test data underlying the information in the technical disclosure herein.

QA/QC Drill Core

Rock samples were sent to SGS Laboratories, Westport for sample preparation. Samples were crushed and pulverized to 85% passing 75 µm. The pulverized rock-chips were split into two samples: a ~50 g sent for laboratory analysis, and the reject returned to RGL for pXRF analysis and storage. Pulverized rock-chip samples were analyzed for gold (Au) by 50-g fire assay with AAS finish at SGS Waihi (SGS Code FAA505); and for antimony (Sb) by Sodium Peroxide Fusion Analysis by ICP-MS at SGS Waihi.

QA/QC Soil Samples

Pre-planned soil sampling points on a 20 m x 100 m grid were loaded onto a handheld GPS for guidance. A spade was used to acquire a ~1.0 kg sample from the C horizon, which was put in a wet-strength paper sample bag with wire ties. Sample information was logged in a notebook in the field, including sample ID, depth, color, horizon, slope, sample description, sampler, basement, and comments. Each sample was photographed in the field alongside the GPS with coordinates visible and each sample site marked in the field with biodegradable flagging tape. Samples were taken back to Rua Gold's Reefton facility for preparation. The sample information was entered on.csv files and uploaded to an SQL database.

Samples were dried in a customized incubator, set at 38°C, for a minimum of two days. Once the samples were fully dried, they were sieved to Rua Gold's Reefton facility using a Olympus Vanta pXRF analyzer; and then on to ALS Brisbane, Australia, for low-level gold analysis using Au-TL43; trace level Au by aqua regia extraction with ICP-MS finish. Detection limit 1 ppb Au.

Field duplicates were collected every 20th sample and underwent the same sample collection and preparation process outlined above. Duplicates were checked and validated by Rua Gold's Isogonal data validation system to ensure compliance.

Rua Gold Contact

Robert Eckford
Chief Executive Officer
Email: reckford@RUAGOLD.com
Website: www.RUAGOLD.com

This news release includes certain statements that may be deemed "forward-looking statements". All statements in this new release, other than statements of historical facts, that address events or developments that the Company expects to occur, are forward-looking statements. Forward-Looking statements are statements that are not historical facts and are generally, but not always, identified by the words "expects", "plans", "anticipates", "believes", "intends", "estimates", "projects", "potential" and similar expressions, or that events or conditions "will", "would", "may", "could" or "should" occur and specifically include statements regarding: the Company's strategies, expectations, planned operations or future actions, including but not limited to exploration programs at its Reefton and Glamorgan projects and the results thereof. Although the Company believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements.

Investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. A variety of inherent risks, uncertainties and factors, many of which are beyond the Company's control, affect the operations, performance and results of the Company and its business, and could cause actual events or results to differ materially from estimated or anticipated events or results expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. Some of these risks, uncertainties and factors include: general business, economic, competitive, political and social uncertainties; risks related to the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war; risks related to climate change; operational risks in exploration, delays or changes in plans with respect to exploration projects or capital expenditures; the actual results of current exploration activities; conclusions of economic evaluations; changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined; changes in labour costs and other costs and expenses or equipment or processes to operate as anticipated, accidents, labour disputes and other risks of the mining industry, including but not limited to environmental hazards, flooding or unfavorable operating conditions and losses, insurrection or war, delays in obtaining governmental approvals or financing, and commodity prices. This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of the Company's forward-looking statements and reference should also be made to the Company's short form base shelf prospectus dated July 11, 2024, and the documents incorporated by reference therein, filed under its SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.ca for a description of additional risk factors.

Forward-Looking statements are based on the beliefs, estimates and opinions of the Company's management on the date the statements are made. Except as required by applicable securities laws, the Company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements in the event that management's beliefs, estimates or opinions, or other factors, should change.

Table 1: Location of Auld Creek drill holes from RUA 2024-2025 program

Hole ID	Easting	Northing	rL	Total Depth	Site _ID	Dip	Azimuth (true)	Year
ACDDH022	1507212	5333199	508	108.5	Pad 10	-54	193	2024
ACDDH023	1507212	5333199	508	51.5	Pad 10	-60	85	2024
ACDDH024	1507290	5333146	539	150	Old 13	-37	220	2025
ACDDH025	1507290	5333146	539	180.9	Old 13	-54	248	2025
ACDDH026	1507290	5333146	539	200	Old 13	-59	231	2025
ACDDH027	1507290	5333146	539	193.4	Old 13	-45	212	2025
ACDDH028	1507079	5332952	607	243.5	Pad 18	-50	104	2025
ACDDH029	1507079	5332952	607	256	Pad 18	-50	120	2025
ACDDH030	1507079	5332952	607	268.5	Pad 18	-53	85	2025

Table 2: Significant drilling intercepts at Auld Creek, full mineralized zone composites (1.5g/t Au cut-off)

Sample No	From	To	Interval	Au (g/t)	Sb (%)
ACDDH026	175	175.9	0.9	0.96
ACDDH026	175.9	177.1	1.2	1.55
ACDDH027	152	153	1	2.52
ACDDH027	153	154	1	1.88
ACDDH027	154	155	1	3.44
ACDDH027	155	156	1	2.25
ACDDH027	156	157	1	1.84
ACDDH027	157	158	1	0.37
ACDDH027	158	159	1	0.15
ACDDH027	159	160	1	2.38	0.013%
ACDDH027	160	161	1	2.39	0.802%
ACDDH027	161	162	1	4.75	0.008%
ACDDH027	162	163	1	2.84	0.016%
ACDDH027	163	164	1	8.42	0.010%
ACDDH027	164	165	1	4.7	0.010%
ACDDH027	165	166	1	3.77	0.009%
ACDDH027	166	167	1	15	0.178%
ACDDH027	167	168	1	3.11	0.428%
ACDDH028	209.5	210.15	0.65	0.92
ACDDH028	210.15	210.6	0.45	18.4	11.600%
ACDDH028	210.6	211.4	0.8	8.28	4.680%
ACDDH028	211.4	212	0.6	1.68

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Hole ID	X	Y	Z	Azi	Dip	Depth (m)	From (m)	To (m)	Interval (m)	Au (g/t)	Cu (%)	AuEq (g/t)
LDR-25-05	549448	5525296	375	227	-45	214.2	131.7	135.0	3.3	6.6	0.0	6.6
						Including	131.7	134	2.3	9.1	0.0	9.1
LDR-25-06	549560	5525483	375	215	-51	474.0	Pending Assays
LDR-25-07	549453	5525313	375	215	-55	261.0
LDR-25-08	549524	5525441	375	246	-57	516.0
LDR-25-09	549445	5525319	375	238	-54	252.0
LDR-25-10	549489	5525229	375	220	-60	237.0

Hole ID	From	To	Interval	Mineral 1	%	Mineral 2	%	Mineral 3	%	Visible Gold		Total Sulphide (%)
LDR-25-08	89.0	90.0	1.0	Pyrite	2.0					-		2.0
LDR-25-08	166.4	211.1	44.7	Pyrite	0.5					-		0.5
LDR-25-08	211.1	216.0	4.9	Pyrite	0.1					-		0.1
LDR-25-08	216.0	216.6	0.6	Pyrite	1.0					-		1.0
LDR-25-08	216.6	354.8	138.2	Pyrite	0.1					-		0.1
LDR-25-08	360.4	361.3	0.9	Chalcopyrite	0.5	Pyrite	1.0			-		1.5
LDR-25-08	363.9	392.1	28.2	Chalcopyrite	0.3	Pyrite	0.5			-		0.8
LDR-25-08	392.1	397.3	5.3	Pyrite	0.3					-		0.3
LDR-25-08	397.3	405.6	8.3	Chalcopyrite	0.1					-		0.1
LDR-25-08	405.6	406.1	0.5	Chalcopyrite	0.3	Pyrite	30.0			-		30.3
LDR-25-08	406.1	407.9	1.8	Chalcopyrite	0.5	Pyrite	1.5			-		2.0
LDR-25-08	407.9	408.3	0.4	Pyrite	7.0	Chalcopyrite	0.1			-		7.1
LDR-25-08	408.3	409.0	0.7	Pyrite	0.1					-		0.1
LDR-25-08	409.0	409.4	0.4	Pyrite	25.0	Chalcopyrite	25.0			-		50.0
LDR-25-08	409.4	411.7	2.3	Chalcopyrite	3.0	Pyrite	7.0			-		10.0
LDR-25-08	411.7	411.9	0.2	Sphalerite	2.0	Chalcopyrite	0.5	Pyrite	15.0	-		17.5
LDR-25-08	411.9	415.1	3.2	Chalcopyrite	1.0	Pyrite	3.0			-		4.0
LDR-25-08	415.1	420.8	5.8	Chalcopyrite	0.3	Pyrite	1.0			-		1.3
LDR-25-08	420.8	423.3	2.4	Chalcopyrite	1.5	Pyrite	2.5			-		4.0
LDR-25-08	423.3	428.3	5.1	Chalcopyrite	0.1	Pyrite	0.1			-		0.2
LDR-25-08	428.3	455.0	26.7	Pyrite	0.5					-		0.5
LDR-25-08	457.6	458.1	0.4	Sphalerite	0.1	Chalcopyrite	1.0	Pyrite	0.5	-		1.6
LDR-25-08	461.2	461.8	0.6	Chalcopyrite	2.0					-		2.0
LDR-25-08	463.8	464.6	0.9	Chalcopyrite	5.0	Pyrite	2.0			0.1	%	7.1
LDR-25-08	464.6	478.6	14.0	Chalcopyrite	1.0	Pyrite	0.5			-		1.5
LDR-25-08	478.6	479.7	1.1	Chalcopyrite	3.0	Pyrite	8.0			-		11.0
LDR-25-08	480.6	516.0	35.4	Chalcopyrite	0.2	Pyrite	0.1			-		0.3

Deposit	Category	Tonnes (k)	Cu Grade (%)	Au Grade (g/t)	Cu Metal (kt)	Au Metal (koz)	CuEq Grade (%)
Corner Bay (2022)	Indicated	2,700	2.7	0.3	71	22	2.9
Corner Bay (2022)	Inferred	5,900	3.4	0.3	201	51	3.6
Devlin (2022)	Measured	120	2.7	0.3	3	1	2.9
	Indicated	660	2.1	0.2	14	4	2.3
	Measured & Indicated	780	2.2	0.2	17	5	2.4
	Inferred	480	1.8	0.2	9	3	2.0
Joe Mann (2022)	Inferred	610	0.2	6.8	1	133	5.5
Cedar Bay (2018)	Indicated	130	1.6	9.4	2	39	8.9
Cedar Bay (2018)	Inferred	230	2.1	8.3	5	61	8.5
Total	Measured & Indicated	3,600	2.5	0.6	90	66	3.0
Total	Inferred	7,200	3.0	1.1	216	248	3.8

Criteria	JORC Code explanation	Commentary
Sampling techniques	Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.	All drilling conducted by Cygnus Metals at the Chibougamau Project was completed under the supervision of a registered professional geologist as a Qualified Person (QP) who is responsible and accountable for the planning, execution, and supervision of all exploration activity as well as the implementation of quality assurance programs and reporting. All Cygnus drilling reported is NQ size (47.8 mm diameter).
	Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.	All sample collection, core logging, and specific gravity determinations were completed by Cygnus Metals under the supervision of a professionally qualified registered geologist. NQ core was marked for splitting during logging and is sawn using a diamond core saw with a mounted jig to assure the core is cut lengthwise into equal halves. Half of the cut core is placed in clean individual plastic bags with the appropriate sample tag. QA/QC is done in house by Cygnus Metals geologists with oversight from the Senior Geologist. The check samples (blanks and standards – 4% of total samples with another 2% of core duplicates taken on half split core) that were inserted into the sample batches are verified against their certified values and are deemed a pass if they are within 3 standard deviations of the certified value. The duplicates are evaluated against each other to determine mineralization distribution (nugget). If there are large discrepancies in the check samples, then the entire batch is requested to be re-assayed. The samples are then placed in bags for shipment to the offsite laboratory's facility. The remaining half of the core is retained and incorporated into Cygnus's secure, core library located on the property.
	Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report. In cases where ‘industry standard' work has been done this would be relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g charge for fire assay'). In other cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information.	Industry standard sampling practices were used with sample lengths ranging from 0.3 m to 1.0 m and respected geological contacts. Sample tags were placed at the beginning of each sample interval and the tag numbers were recorded in an MS Excel database. Sampling practice is considered to be appropriate to the geology and style of mineralisation.
Drilling techniques	Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc).	Diamond core was drilled using surface diamond rigs with industry recognised contractors Miikan Drilling. Miikan is a joint venture between Chibougamau Diamond Drilling Ltd., the First Nations community of Ouje-Bougoumou and the First Nations community of Mistissini both located in the Eeyou Istchee territory. Drilling was conducted using NQ core size. Directional surveys have been taken at 50m intervals.
Drill sample recovery	Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed. Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples. Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material.	Diamond core recovery was measured for each run and calculated as a percentage of the drilled interval. Overall, the core recoveries are excellent in the Chibougamau area. As a result, no bias exists.
Logging	Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies.	All core was geologically and geotechnically logged. Lithology, veining, alteration and mineralisation are recorded in multiple tables of the drillhole database.
	Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography.	Geological logging of core is qualitative and descriptive in nature.
	The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged.	100% of the core has been logged.
Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation	If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken. If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry. For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples. Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in-situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling. Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled.	The NQ diameter the core was sawn in half following a sample cutting line determined by geologists during logging and submitted for analysis on nominal 1m intervals or defined by geological boundaries determined by the logging geologist. Each core sample is assigned a tag with a unique identifying number. Sample lengths are typically one metre but can be depending on zone mineralogy and boundaries. This sampling technique is industry standard and deemed appropriate. Samples sizes are considered appropriate to grain size of the materials being sampled.
Quality of assay data and laboratory tests	The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total.	Sample (NQ size half core) preparation and fire assay analysis were done at Bureau Veritas Commodities Canada Ltd ("BV") in Timmins, Ontario, and ICP-ES multi-elements analysis was done at BV in Vancouver, B.C. Samples were weighed, dried, crushed to 70% passing 2 mm, split to 250 g, and pulverized to 85% passing 75 µm. Samples are fire assayed for gold (Au) (30 g) and multi-acid digestion ICP-ES finish, for 23 elements (including key elements Ag, Cu, Mo). Samples assaying >10.0 g/t Au are re-analysed with a gravimetric finish using a 30 g charge. Samples assaying >10% Cu are re-analysed with a sodium peroxide fusion with ICP-ES analysis using a 0.25 g charge.
	For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.	None used.
	Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision have been established.	At Bureau Veritas, laboratory QC procedures involve the use of internal certified reference material as assay standards, along with blanks, duplicates and replicates.
Verification of sampling and assaying	The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel.	Verification of sampling was made by Cygnus Metals and other professional consultant geologists.
	The use of twinned holes.	No hole is twinned.
	Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols.	All logging data was completed, core marked up, logging and sampling data was entered directly into the database. The logged data is stored on the site server directly.
	Discuss any adjustment to assay data.	There was no adjustment to the assay data.
Location of data points	Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.	The location of the drillholes and the aiming points for the orientation of the drillholes were indicated on the ground using identified stakes. The stakes marking the location of the drillholes were set up and located with a Garmin GPS model "GPSmap 62s" (4m accuracy). Surveys are collected using a Reflex EZ-Shot® single-shot electronic instrument with readings collected at intervals of approximately every 30 m downhole plus a reading at the bottom of the hole.
	Specification of the grid system used.	The grid system used is UTM NAD83 (Zone 18).
	Quality and adequacy of topographic control.	A Digital Terrane Model (DTM) has been used to accurately plot the vertical position of the holes, which is considered to provide an adequate level of topographic control.
Data spacing and distribution	Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.	The drill spacing for recent drilling is considered appropriate for this type of exploration. Due to the historic nature and mix of underground and surface drilling the drill hole spacing for historic drill results is highly variable.
	Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied.	No resource estimation is made.
	Whether sample compositing has been applied.	No sample compositing has been applied.
Orientation of data in relation to geological structure	Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type.	Recent drilling is orientated approximately at right angles to the currently interpreted strike of the known interpreted mineralisation. Due to the historic nature of the drilling the drill hole orientation for historic drill results is highly variable.
Orientation of data in relation to geological structure	If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material.	No bias is considered to have been introduced by the existing sampling orientation.
Sample security	The measures taken to ensure sample security.	Core was placed in wooden core boxes close to the drill rig by the drilling contractor. The core was collected daily by the drilling contractor and delivered to the secure core logging facility. Access to the core logging facility is limited to Cygnus employees or designates.
Audits or reviews	The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data.	No audits or reviews of sampling techniques or data have been undertaken, therefore information on audits or reviews is not yet available.

Criteria	JORC Code Explanation	Commentary
Mineral tenement and land tenure status	Type, reference name/number, location and ownership including agreements or material issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings.	The data reported within this announcement is from the Chibougamau Project. The Chibougamau project consists of 3 properties which include: Copper Rand, 14,383 ha (15 mining concession and 311 exploration claims) Corner Bay – Devlin (1 mining license, 141 exploration claims owned 100% by CBAY and 17 claims owned 56.4% by CBAY/43.6% Pan American Silver) Joe Mann (2 mining concessions, 82 claims owned 100% by CBAY, and 68 claims and 1 mining concession owned 65% by CBAY/35% by SOQUEM) CBAY Minerals Inc. ("CBAY"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Cygnus, is the owner of all claims and leases, except where otherwise noted above. The properties collectively making up the Project are in good standing based on the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Ministère de l'Énergie et des Ressources Naturelles) GESTIM claim management system of the Government of Québec.
Mineral tenement and land tenure status	The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate in the area.	All tenure is in good standing.
Exploration done by other parties	Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties.	The Chibougamau Copper and Gold project comprising Corner Bay, Devlin, Cedar Bay and Joe Mann has seen an extensive exploration history dating back to the early 1900s. The Preliminary Economic Assessment (as referred to in the Company's announcement of 15 October 2024) provides a detailed history of the exploration activities undertaken by previous explorers. Corner Bay was first identified as a prospect in 1956 1956 – 1972 eight drilling programs totalling 1,463 m and various geophysical and electromagnetic (EM) surveys 1973 – 1981 Riocanex and Flanagan McAdam: ground geophysical surveys and 43 diamond drill holes 1982 – 1984 Riocanex and Corner Bay Exploration: 38 drill holes and metallurgical test work 1988 – 1991 Corner Bay Exploration: diamond drilling, geophysical surveys and geological characterisation with initial MRE 1992 – 1994 SOQUEM optioned and acquired a 30% interest, and completed diamond drilling 1994 Explorations Cache Inc and Resources MSV Inc: diamond drilling 2004 – 2006 GéoNova and MSV: 98 diamond drill holes and first Technical Report on the Corner Bay project reporting a MRE 2007 – 2009 Campbell: diamond drilling and bulk sample 2012 - 2019 CBAY / AmAuCu: diamond drilling and MRE Devlin identified in 1972 by airborne survey flown by the MERN 1979 – 1981 diamond drilling, geophysical surveys 1981 development commenced Joe Mann identified in 1950 with the commencement of mining activities occurring in 1956 The Joe Mann mine operated underground during three different periods from 1956 to 2007 In July 2012, Resources Jessie acquired the Joe Mann mine property, but conducted only surface exploration work Cedar Bay was discovered prior to 1927 by Chibougamau McKenzie Mines Ltd From initial discovery to 2013 various surface and underground drilling campaigns and geophysical surveys undertaken by various companies Colline was first discovered with mapping and sampling and then drilled in the 1950s with follow up drilling in 1955. In the 1950s a shaft was sunk but the deposit was never mined. The deposit was later tested with three drill holes and six regional drill holes throughout two drilling campaigns in 1984 and 1986/87. Exploration at Colline has been halted historically with the discovery of and focus on other deposits in the region. Golden Eye (previously known as Dore Ramp) was drilled in a few different phases from 1984 to 1992. A total of 47 drill holes from surface are reported during that period A double ramp of approximately 1 kilometre was excavated in 1991-92 to a vertical depth of 160 meters Underground drilling campaign of 46 holes totaling 10,200 meters tested the deposit mainly to a depth of 240 meters (only five holes tested the deposit between 300 and 600 meters)
Geology	Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation.	Corner Bay and Devlin are located at the northeastern extremity of the Abitibi subprovince in the Superior province of the Canadian Shield and are examples of Chibougamau-type copper-gold deposits. The Abitibi subprovince is considered as one of the largest and best-preserved greenstone belts in the world and hosts numerous gold and base metal deposits. The Corner Bay deposit is located on the southern flank of the Doré Lake Complex (DLC). It is hosted by a N 15° trending shear zone more or less continuous with a strong 75° to 85° dip towards the west. The host anorthosite rock is sheared and sericitized over widths of 2 m to 25 m. The deposit is cut by a diabase dyke and is limited to the north by a fault structure and to the south by the LaChib deformation zone. The Corner Bay deposit consists of three main mineralized lodes (subparallel Main Lode 1 and Main Lode 2 above the dyke, and Main Lode below the dyke that make up the bulk of the deposit. The Corner Bay deposit has been traced over a strike length to over 1,100 m to a depth of 1,350 m and remains open at depth. The mineralization is characterized by veins and/or lenses of massive to semi-massive sulphides associated with a brecciated to locally massive quartz-calcite material. The sulphide assemblage is composed of chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite with lesser amounts of molybdenite and sphalerite. Late remobilized quartz-chalcopyrite-pyrite veins occur in a wide halo around the main mineralization zones. Devlin is a flat-lying, copper-rich lodes-hosted deposit in a polygenic igneous breccia that is less than 100 m from the surface. The tabular bodies have been modelled as four nearly horizontal lodes: a more continuous lower zone and three smaller lodes comprising the upper zone. Mineralization is reflected as a fracture zone often composed of two or more sulphide-quartz lodes and stringers. Thickness of the mineralized zones range from 0.5 m to 4.4 m. It has been diluted during modelling to reflect a minimum mining height of 1.8 m. The Joe Mann deposit is characterized by east-west striking shear hosted lodes that extend beyond 1,000 m vertically with mineralization identified over a 3 km strike length. These shear zones form part of the Opawica-Guercheville deformation zone, a major deformation corridor cutting the mafic volcanic rocks of the Obatogamau Formation in the north part of the Caopatina Segment. The gabbro sill hosts the Main Zone and the West Zone at the mine, while the South Zone is found in the rhyolite. These three subvertical E-W (N275°/85°) ductile-brittle shear zones are sub-parallel to stratigraphy and to one another, with up to 140 m to 170 m of separation between them. These shear zones are hosted within a stratigraphic package composed of iron-magnesium (Fe-Mg) carbonate and sericite altered gabbro sills, sheared basalts, and intermediate to felsic tuffs intruded by various felsic intrusions. The Joe Mann gold mineralization is hosted by decimetre scale quartz-carbonate lodes (Dion and Guha 1988). The lodes are mineralized with pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite disposed in lens and lodelets parallel to schistosity, and occasionally visible gold. There are some other minor, mineralized structures, e.g., North and South-South Zones, with limited vertical and horizontal extensions.
Drill hole Information	A summary of all information material to the understanding of the exploration results including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes: easting and northing of the drill hole collar elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level in metres) of the drill hole collar dip and azimuth of the hole down hole length and interception depth hole length. If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that the information is not Material and this exclusion does not detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent Person should clearly explain why this is the case.	All requisite drillhole information is tabulated elsewhere in this release. Refer Appendices A and B of the body text.
Data aggregation methods	In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material and should be stated.	For recent results, drill hole intersections are reported above a lower cut-off grade of 2g/t AuEq over widths of greater than 1m.
	Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high-grade results and longer lengths of low-grade results, the procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail.	A maximum of 1m internal waste was allowed.
	The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated.	Individual grades for the metals included in the metal equivalents calculation for the exploration results are in Appendices A, B and C of this release. Metal equivalents for exploration results have been calculated at a copper price of US$8,750/t, gold price of US$2,350/oz and silver price of US$25/oz. Copper equivalents are calculated based on the formula CuEq(%) = Cu(%) + (Au(g/t) x 0.77258)+(Ag(g/t) x 0.00822). Gold equivalents are calculated based on the formula AuEq(g/t) = Au(g/t) +(Cu(%) x 1.29436)+(Ag(g/t) x 0.01064). Metallurgical recovery factors have been applied to the metal equivalents calculations, with copper metallurgical recovery assumed at 95% and precious metal (gold and silver) metallurgical recovery assumed at 85% based upon historical production at the Chibougamau Processing Facility, and the metallurgical results contained in Cygnus' announcement dated 28 January 2025. It is the Company's view that all elements in the metal equivalent calculations have a reasonable potential to be recovered and sold.
Relationship between mineralisation widths and intercept lengths	These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results. If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill hole angle is known, its nature should be reported. If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported, there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole length, true width not known').	All intersections reported in the body of this release are down hole. For recent drill holes, holes are drilled as close to orthogonal to the plane of the mineralized lodes as possible. True width is estimated to be about 80% of the downhole drill intersection
Diagrams	Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included for any significant discovery being reported. These should include,but not be limited to a plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.	Refer Figure 1 (Long Section of Golden Eye) and 2 (Long Section through the Chibougamau North Camp illustrating Golden Eye) in the body of the announcement. Plan view of recent drilling relative to historic drilling and the 1992 ramp access (see Figure 3 below).
Balanced reporting	Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results.	Recent infill drilling at Golden Eye totals 6 holes for 1,954m, with assay results for 1 drill hole received to date. All results greater than 2g/t AuEq over greater than 1m width have been reported.
Other substantive exploration data	Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances.	There is no other substantive exploration data.
Further work	The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive.	The Company plans to conduct drill testing of additional mineralisation as well as step out drilling of existing lodes to further enhance the resources quoted in this release. More information is presented in the body of this report. Diagrams in the main body of this release show areas of possible resource extension on existing lodes. The Company continues to identify and assess multiple other target areas within the property boundary for additional resources.

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