
March 20, 2025
Metro Mining (ASX:MMI) is a low-cost, high-grade Australian bauxite producer, offering a unique pure-play investment in the aluminum supply chain. The flagship Bauxite Hills Mine on the Skardon River is strategically situated 95 km north of Weipa, Queensland, covering a tenement area of approximately 1,900 square kilometers. As of 31 December 2023, the project holds a substantial total bauxite resource of 118.7 million tons (Mt), including 83.2 Mt of reserves, consisting of high-quality direct shipping ore (DSO) that requires no processing.
Production at Bauxite Hills Mine is ramping up to a sustained throughput of over 7 Mt per annum, solidifying Metro Mining’s position as one of the world’s lowest-cost bauxite producers. With an additional capacity increase planned for 2025, the company is well-positioned to capitalize on strong bauxite prices and growing demand from key Asian markets, particularly China.
The Bauxite Hills Mine leverages its close proximity to Asian markets, short-haul distances, and a highly scalable, cost-efficient marine transport system, enabling industry-leading operating margins.
Company Highlights
- Metro Mining stands out as one of the world's only publicly listed, pure-play producers of high-quality direct shipping bauxite ore, crucial for aluminum production.
- Metro Mining’s flagship asset, the Bauxite Hills mine, benefits from proximity to Asian markets, short haul distances, and a highly scalable, low-cost marine transportation system, ensuring industry-leading operating margins.
- Metro’s production capacity nearly doubled from approximately 3.5 Mt in 2020 to just under 6 Mt in 2024, a 24 percent increase year-over-year. Metro plans further capacity expansion to between 6.5 and 7 Mt by the end of 2025.
- Targeting a delivered bauxite cost below US$30 per dry ton CIF China, leveraging low strip ratios, minimal overburden (0.5m), no blasting requirement, and highly efficient marine logistics, positioning the company firmly within the lowest quartile of global producers.
- The company ended 2024 with a strong financial position by repaying AU$39 million in junior debt, restructuring senior debt to more favorable terms, and securing long-term freight contracts, reducing shipping costs by approximately US$3/WMT. Metro ended 2024 with around AU$42 million in cash and trade receivables, enhancing financial flexibility for future growth.
- Metro Mining maintains robust environmental and social governance, evidenced by receiving the Association of Mining and Exploration Companies’ 2024 Environment Award.
This Metro Mining profile is part of a paid investor education campaign.*
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19 March
Metro Mining
Investor Insight
Metro Mining is uniquely positioned as one of the few pure-play upstream bauxite companies globally listed on any stock exchange. As a direct exposure to the growing aluminum sector, Metro offers investors a unique opportunity to capitalize on the rising global demand driven by traditional industrial applications and emerging sectors such as electrification, battery technologies, and lightweight transportation solutions.
Overview
Metro Mining (ASX:MMI) is a low-cost, high-grade Australian bauxite producer, uniquely positioned as a pure upstream investment in the aluminum supply chain. Metro's flagship asset, the Bauxite Hills Mine in Skardon River, is strategically located 95 km north of Weipa, Queensland, and encompasses a total tenement package of approximately 1,900 square kilometers. As of 31 December 2023, the project boasts an impressive total bauxite resource of 118.7 million tons (Mt) including 83.2 Mt of reserves, featuring high-quality direct shipping ore (DSO) that requires no upgrading.
Following a significant capacity expansion completed in 2024, production at Bauxite Hills Mine is ramping up to achieve sustained throughput exceeding 7 Mt per annum, reinforcing the company’s position as one of the lowest-cost bauxite producers globally. With a further planned capacity increase set for 2025, Metro Mining is well-positioned to exploit continued price strength and robust demand from key Asian markets, particularly China.
Bauxite Hills Mine
The aluminum sector has seen annual growth rates rise from approximately 2 to 3 percent to around 3 to 4 percent due to expanding use in electric vehicles, renewable energy infrastructure, battery manufacturing, and the "lightweighting" of transportation. Recent geopolitical developments, such as reduced bauxite exports from Indonesia, have created supply constraints, driving up bauxite prices significantly. Australian bauxite spot prices reached approximately US$90/DMT in early 2025, up 89 percent from early 2023, which further enhances Metro's revenue potential.
Metro Mining significantly improved its financial position in 2024 by fully repaying junior debt, restructuring senior debt on more favorable terms, and successfully negotiating long-term freight contracts that substantially reduced shipping costs.
Ending 2024 with approximately AU$42 million in cash and trade receivables, the company is positioned for robust financial flexibility and strength. With a simplified and deleveraged balance sheet, Metro is well-equipped to execute its growth strategy and enhance shareholder value.
Metro Mining is led by a seasoned management team with deep expertise in bulk commodities, operational optimization, and corporate strategy, emphasizing sustainable growth and shareholder value creation.
Company Highlights
- Metro Mining stands out as one of the world's only publicly listed, pure-play producers of high-quality direct shipping bauxite ore, crucial for aluminum production.
- Metro Mining’s flagship asset, the Bauxite Hills mine, benefits from proximity to Asian markets, short haul distances, and a highly scalable, low-cost marine transportation system, ensuring industry-leading operating margins.
- Metro’s production capacity nearly doubled from approximately 3.5 Mt in 2020 to just under 6 Mt in 2024, a 24 percent increase year-over-year. Metro plans further capacity expansion to between 6.5 and 7 Mt by the end of 2025.
- Targeting a delivered bauxite cost below US$30 per dry ton CIF China, leveraging low strip ratios, minimal overburden (0.5m), no blasting requirement, and highly efficient marine logistics, positioning the company firmly within the lowest quartile of global producers.
- The company ended 2024 with a strong financial position by repaying AU$39 million in junior debt, restructuring senior debt to more favorable terms, and securing long-term freight contracts, reducing shipping costs by approximately US$3/WMT. Metro ended 2024 with around AU$42 million in cash and trade receivables, enhancing financial flexibility for future growth.
- Metro Mining maintains robust environmental and social governance, evidenced by receiving the Association of Mining and Exploration Companies’ 2024 Environment Award.
Key Project
Bauxite Hills Mine (Queensland, Australia)
Metro’s flagship asset, the Bauxite Hills Mine, is a low-cost, high-quality DSO operation with total resources of 118.7 Mt, including proven and probable resources of 83.2 Mt. The mine benefits from minimal overburden of just 0.5 meters, short average haul distances of 9 km, and no requirement for blasting, contributing to exceptionally low production costs. Production capacity is set to expand from current levels to approximately 7 million wet metric tonnes (WMT) annually by 2025.
The mine has achieved sustained daily production rates of approximately 30,000 WMT, supported by efficient marine logistics utilizing Capesize vessels and specialized tug and barge systems. Robust off-take agreements are in place with major industry players, including Chalco, EGA, Xinfa Aluminium and Lubei Chemical.
Kaolin Deposit (part of Bauxite Hills)
Metro’s Bauxite Hills property also contains a significant kaolin deposit beneath its bauxite resources. The company is advancing a definitive feasibility study for kaolin extraction, evaluating potential market entry strategies, mine planning and product market testing.
This project represents a potential new revenue stream, with applications spanning ceramics, paper manufacturing, paint and other industrial uses.
Management Team
Simon Wensley – CEO and Managing Director
Simon Wensley is a proven industry leader with extensive experience in mining operations and strategic growth. He spent 20 years at Rio Tinto in various operational, project and leadership roles across commodities, including iron ore, industrial minerals, bauxite, alumina, coal and uranium.
Douglas Ritchie – Non-Executive Chair
Douglas Ritchie brings more than 40 years' experience in resources, previously holding senior leadership roles at Rio Tinto, including CEO of Rio Tinto Coal Australia, chief executive of the Energy Product Group, and group executive of strategy.
Nathan Quinlin – CFO
Nathan Quinlin is experienced in financial strategy and cost optimization, previously serving as finance and commercial manager at Glencore’s CSA mine, managing finance, risk management and life-of-mine planning.
Gary Battensby – General Manager and Site Senior Executive
Gary Battensby has extensive experience in managing large-scale metalliferous mining operations, budget control and regulatory compliance. He previously oversaw teams of up to 350 staff and operations with substantial CAPEX and operational responsibilities.
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Pure-play low-cost producer of high-grade Australian bauxite
21 July
Quarterly Activities/Appendix 5B Cash Flow Report
25 August
Metro Mining Eyes 7 Million Tonnes of Bauxite Production by Year End
Australian bauxite producer Metro Mining (ASX:MMI) is targeting up to 7 million tonnes of production by the end of 2025, as the company executes on its plan to expand capacity and lower production costs.
“Economies of scale are by far the most important lever that we're pulling to get down to that cost number,” said Simon Wensley, Metro Mining’s managing director, in a recent Investing News Network interview, noting that optimisation and expansion will drive costs down to US$30 per dry metric tonne delivered.
“And if we can achieve that number, we will be the lowest-cost producer in that marginal market of China,” he said.
Bauxite is the primary ore used to produce aluminium, a valuable, lightweight metal essential to almost all aspects of the global energy transition. Demand for aluminium is expected to significantly increase over the next few years, driven by increased activity in the transportation, electric vehicle and clean energy sectors.
Metro Mining has already produced and sold more than 2 million tonnes of its production in the second half of 2025, Wensley said. He added that the company expects a “very strong” second half, with production volumes expected to reach between 4.5 million and 5 million tonnes by year end.
“Over the next months and the next quarter, we should see real demonstration of that expanded capacity flowing through the market," he noted.
Watch the full interview with Simon Wensley, managing director of Metro Mining, above.
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21 August
Bauxite Investing: Securing Supply Amid Tightening Aluminum Market
In the race to decarbonise and modernise infrastructure, the world’s attention has largely been fixed on battery metals like lithium, nickel and cobalt. But behind the headlines, another mineral is just as critical — bauxite, the primary ore from which all the world’s aluminum is produced.
Infographic via Metro Mining.
Across North America, Europe and Asia, governments now recognise aluminum as a strategic material critical to 21st-century infrastructure and decarbonsation efforts. The US has included aluminum in its 2023 critical materials list, while the EU has added it under its Critical Raw Materials Act.
Surging demand, fragile supply
Rapidly growing bauxite demand is increasingly colliding with a supply base concentrated in just a handful of producers. Australia, Guinea and China account for roughly 65 percent of global output, underscoring the sector’s vulnerability to regional disruptions. Grand View Research projects an expanding global bauxite market driven by sustained demand from electric vehicles (EVs), lightweight transport and renewable infrastructure.
At the same time, geopolitical turbulence is affecting supply reliability.
Guinea, which has the world’s largest bauxite reserves, recently revoked some 51 mining licences — mostly targeting underperforming or inactive concessions — as part of broader regulatory reform. Even so, exports surged 36 percent year-on-year in H1 2025 to a record 99.8 million tonnes, and are projected to reach nearly 200 million tonnes annually. Chinese demand continues to remain robust, despite ongoing regulatory shakeup in Guinea.
Amid this supply concentration dynamic, geopolitical risk factors are now coming into play, where both investors and companies down the value chain are placing increased emphasis on securing stable supply sources.
While Guinea remains a critical supplier, its shifting regulatory landscape underscores the strategic value of sourcing bauxite from politically stable, low-cost jurisdictions such as Australia, where supply security is far less vulnerable to geopolitical disruption.
Infographic via Metro Mining.
Metro Mining: A strategic pure play
Based at Skardon River, 95 kilometres north of Weipa in Queensland Cape York Peninsula, Metro Mining’s (ASX:MMI) flagship Bauxite Hills Mine produces high-grade “Weipa-style” direct shipping ore with minimal processing requirements.
Its operations are streamlined — short haul distances, low strip ratios, no blasting — and logistics are optimised through efficient barge loading facilities and transhipping systems. These efficiencies have allowed Metro to expand production capacity to 7 million tonnes per year while driving down costs.
Infographic via Metro Mining.
Over the past four years, Metro has executed a disciplined turnaround strategy — recapitalising, improving operational resilience and securing quality offtake agreements. In Q2 2025 alone, the company delivered record production of 1.7 million wet metric tonnes and a site EBITDA margin of AU$32 per tonne, an impressive improvement from just AU$18 per tonne at the end of 2024. With 80 percent of volumes sold under quarterly contracts, pricing visibility is strong.
Infographic via Metro Mining.
Financially, Metro is on solid ground: a market cap of AU$430 million, secured debt of US$56.6 million, cash of AU$28.7 million and no warrants outstanding. The company is fully hedged for 2025 at a rate of 0.63 US$:AU$, further insulating it from currency swings.
Beyond operational and financial metrics, Metro’s ESG credentials are notable. About 30 percent of its workforce is Indigenous, it has injected AU$5.7 million into Indigenous-owned businesses, and it actively supports community development programs across Far North Queensland.
Looking ahead, Metro is targeting an expansion to 8 million tonnes per year by 2026, along with low-capex debottlenecking projects and exploration programs that could extend mine life well beyond the current 16-year reserve and resource profile. With alumina and aluminum demand set to climb in the clean energy and EV sectors, Metro offers investors a rare combination: low-cost operations, secured market access and scalability in a commodity that is only growing in strategic importance.
Investor takeaway
Bauxite may not yet enjoy the same media spotlight as battery metals, but its role in the energy transition is fundamental. Aluminum is the metal that builds the future — light enough for EVs, strong enough for skyscrapers and infinitely recyclable. Metro offers pure-play exposure to this growth story from one of the most reliable supply bases in the world.
For investors seeking a resilient, strategically positioned mining stock with both yield and growth potential, Metro deserves a place on the watchlist — and perhaps in the portfolio.
This INNSpired article is sponsored by Metro Mining (ASX:MMI). This INNSpired article provides information which was sourced by the Investing News Network (INN) and approved by Metro Mining in order to help investors learn more about the company. Metro Mining is a client of INN. The company’s campaign fees pay for INN to create and update this INNSpired article.
This INNSpired article was written according to INN editorial standards to educate investors.
INN does not provide investment advice and the information on this profile should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell any security. INN does not endorse or recommend the business, products, services or securities of any company profiled.
The information contained here is for information purposes only and is not to be construed as an offer or solicitation for the sale or purchase of securities. Readers should conduct their own research for all information publicly available concerning the company. Prior to making any investment decision, it is recommended that readers consult directly with Metro Mining and seek advice from a qualified investment advisor.
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27 April
Quarterly Activities/Appendix 5B Cash Flow Report
12 March
Trump Threatens to Double Tariffs on Canadian Steel and Aluminum, Ford Mulls Energy Surcharge
In a dramatic escalation of trade tensions, US President Donald Trump announced on Tuesday (March 11) that tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum imports could be doubled to 50 percent.
The move came in response to Ontario Premier Doug Ford’s threat to impose a 25 percent surcharge on electricity exports to the US, a measure that would affect about 1.5 million homes in New York, Michigan and Minnesota.
Ford’s proposal was aimed at pressuring Trump to withdraw existing tariff threats against Canada.
Instead, the American leader ramped the situation up further.
Trump took to his Truth Social platform to confirm his directive to Secretary of Commerce Howard Lutnick, stating that all imported steel and aluminum from Canada will now face 50 percent tariffs.
He reiterated his longstanding grievances over Canadian trade protections, particularly in the dairy and automotive sectors, and warned that auto tariffs will also increase unless Canada eliminates “other egregious, long-time tariffs.”
“Why would our Country allow another Country to supply us with electricity, even for a small area? Who made these decisions, and why?” Trump wrote, adding that Canada will pay a high financial price for its actions.
Ontario’s premier was defiant in the face of Trump’s retaliatory move.
Speaking to MSNBC, Ford said, “We will not back down. We will be relentless. I apologize to the American people that President Trump decided to have an unprovoked attack on our country.”
However, in a surprising turn of events, Ford announced the same evening that he would suspend the planned 25 percent surcharge on electricity exports to the US after discussions with Lutnick.
The two sides agreed to meet on Thursday (March 13), alongside members of the Office of the US Trade Representative, to discuss a renewal of the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement before the auto tariff deadline on April 2.
“In response, Ontario agreed to suspend its 25 percent surcharge on exports of electricity to Michigan, New York, and Minnesota,” Ford said in a statement posted on X, formerly Twitter.
Trump responded positively to the move and hinted at a potential softening of his stance on tariffs. “Probably so,” he told reporters when asked if he would consider lowering the 50 percent tariffs. “I’ll let you know.”
Following Ford’s announcement, major stock indexes rallied, reversing some of the day’s earlier losses.
The escalation comes at a precarious moment for Canada.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is in the process of stepping down, and while his successor Mark Carney is set to formally assume office this week, he has been unable to engage with Trump directly until officially sworn in.
Market and business fallout
Trump’s decision has already had far-reaching consequences in financial markets.
The S&P 500 (INDEXSP:.INX) slid more than 1 percent on Tuesday (March 11), while Canada's S&P/TSX Composite Index (INDEXTSI:OSPTX) fell by 0.6 percent on the same day.
For its part, the Canadian dollar dropped to a one week low against the US dollar. Meanwhile, the price of aluminum in the US physical market soared to a record high above US$990 per metric ton in response to the tariffs.
Broader 25 percent tariffs on all steel and aluminum imports to the US from other countries will take effect on Wednesday (March 12). Additionally, Trump has threatened further tariffs on auto imports by April 2, creating significant uncertainty for manufacturers and businesses that rely on cross-border trade.
CEOs of major American firms were set to meet with Trump late on Tuesday, but it remains unclear whether they will challenge the president's aggressive trade policies.
With negotiations set for later this week and further tariffs looming, the trade standoff between the US and Canada remains volatile. Whether the two sides can de-escalate tensions before the April 2 auto tariff deadline remains uncertain, but for now, businesses and consumers are bracing for further economic disruption.
Don’t forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time news updates!
Securities Disclosure: I, Giann Liguid, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
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13 February
Top 10 Aluminum-producing Countries
Learning about the aluminum production from countries around the world offers insight into the important industrial metal, which is used in a wide range of essential applications globally.
The reason aluminum is one of the most in-demand industrial metals is its versatility. The metal is non-toxic and lightweight; it also has a high thermal conductivity, is resistant to corrosion and can be easily cast, machined and formed. Aluminum is the second most malleable metal and sixth most ductile, and it is non-magnetic and non-sparking.
This wide array of benefits means aluminum is used in a huge variety of products, including cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and airplane parts. It also has new applications that make it an important element in the green transition.
Learn about the top countries for aluminum production below, including insight on top countries for bauxite mining and alumina smelting. Investors interested in the sector can also check out our guide on investing in aluminum stocks.
Where is aluminum found in the world?
While it is one of the Earth’s most abundant metals, aluminum is rarely found as a free metal. That means companies can't actually mine for the metal itself — instead, they mine bauxite, which is a large source of the world's aluminum production. The bauxite is processed to obtain alumina, which is then refined further through smelting to produce aluminum.
According to the US Geological Survey (USGS), "As a general rule, 4 tons of dried bauxite is required to produce 2 tons of alumina, which, in turn, can be used to produce 1 ton of aluminum." There are other sources of alumina, including clay and oil shale, but they are not economical at a commercial scale.
The USGS estimates global bauxite resources to be between 55 billion and 75 billion metric tons with deposits distributed largely in Africa, Oceania, South America, the Caribbean and Asia. Known bauxite reserves stood at 29 billion metric tons in 2024. The five nations with the highest bauxite reserves are Guinea, Australia, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Brazil.
In terms of bauxite production, Guinea was the world's largest producer in 2024 at 130 million metric tons of bauxite, closely followed by Australia at 100 million MT and China at 93 million MT. Brazil and India round out the top five with 33 million and 32 million metric tons of bauxite respectively.
As for alumina production, China is by far the world's largest alumina producer, accounting for nearly 60 percent of the world's production at 84 million metric tons. The next largest alumina producing country, Australia, accounts for more than 13 percent of global supply with 18 million MT. Brazil, India and Russia round out the top five.
Aluminum production by country
Below we list the top aluminum producers by country based on the USGS's latest Mineral Commodity Summary, including data on the countries' alumina and bauxite production.
The US Geological Survey notes that world aluminum output increased slightly in 2024, coming in at 72 million metric tons (MT) compared to 70 million MT in 2023.
1. China
Aluminum production: 43 million metric tons
Alumina production: 84 million metric tons
Bauxite production: 93 million metric tons
Bauxite reserves: 680 million metric tons
China is by far the largest producer of aluminum in the world. In 2024, China produced 43 million metric tons of aluminum, accounting for nearly 60 percent of total global production. China also consumes a considerable amount of aluminum.
Statista points out that China has experienced consistent growth in primary annual aluminum production over the past decade. In 2024, China's aluminum production increased to a record high for a third year in a row. "Manufacturers are preemptively increasing production due to potential US tariffs, altering global trade dynamics," reported investment publication Finimize in late 2024.
Aluminum from China accounted for 3 percent of United States aluminum imports in 2024. In September of that year, the Biden Administration increased tariffs on aluminum products imported from China to 25 percent. The Trump Administration tagged on an additional 10 percent tariff on all imports from China in February 2025.
2. India
Aluminum production: 4.2 million metric tons
Alumina production: 7.6 million metric tons
Bauxite production: 25 million metric tons
Bauxite reserves: 650 million metric tons
India's nickel production in 2024 was 4.2 million metric tons. India has seen its output grow consistently in recent years. In 2021, its production totaled 3.97 million MT, overtaking Russia for second place, and over the past three years, India has increased its aluminum production even further.
Hindalco Industries (NSE:HINDALCO), the world’s leading aluminum-rolling company, is located in Mumbai. Vedanta (NSE:VEDL), India’s largest aluminum-producing company, was reportedly set to invest US$1 billion in its aluminum operations in 2024.
Indian exports are not expected to be heavily impacted by European Union carbon taxes on direct emissions set to go into effect in 2026. The EU is the second largest aluminum consuming region in the world.
3. Russia
Aluminum production: 3.8 million metric tons
Alumina production: 2.9 million metric tons
Bauxite production: 6.3 million metric tons
Bauxite reserves: 480 million metric tons
Russia produced 3.8 million metric tons of aluminum in 2024, up slightly from the 3.7 million MT it put out in 2023. Leading global aluminum producer RUSAL is headquartered in Moscow.
Russia’s aggressive invasion of Ukraine and the resulting sanctions were expected to curb the country’s ability to contribute aluminum supply to the global aluminum market; however, China is picking up much of the slack as a destination for exports. Rusal reported that its year-on-year revenues for aluminum exports to China almost doubled in 2023.
However, in April 2024 "the United States coordinated with the United Kingdom to ban imports of aluminum from Russia into both countries and to restrict the sale of these metals on global metal exchanges and in over-the-counter derivative trading," the USGS states.
In November 2024, Rusal reported that it plans to reduce its aluminum production by at least 6 percent, due in large part to higher prices for alumina and falling domestic demand.
4. Canada
Aluminum production: 3.3 million metric tons
Alumina production: 1.9 million metric tons
Bauxite production: None
Bauxite reserves: None
The province of Québec is the main aluminum jurisdiction in Canada. There are 10 primary aluminum smelters in Canada, with nine of those being located in Québec, and the province is also home to an alumina refinery. The final smelter is located across the country in the province of British Columbia.
Canada was again the leading supplier of aluminum for the US in 2024, accounting for 56 percent of all US aluminum imports. That figure may change in 2025 due to the 25 percent tariffs new US President Donald Trump levied on Canadian aluminum in February.
5. United Arab Emirates
Aluminum production: 2.7 million metric tons
Alumina production: 2.4 million metric tons
Bauxite production: None
Bauxite reserves: None
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) produced 2.7 million metric tons in 2024. Aluminum production in the UAE has remained steady over the last few years, and came in at 2.66 million MT in 2023.
Emirates Global Aluminum is the largest aluminum producer in the Middle East and contributes nearly 4 percent of all global aluminum. The UAE was the source of 8 percent of US aluminum imports in 2024, making it the second largest source of aluminum for the US.
6. Bahrain
Aluminum production: 1.6 million metric tons
Alumina production: None
Bauxite production: None
Bauxite reserves: None
Bahrain’s aluminum production in 2024 came in at 1.6 million metric tons in 2024, nearly on par with the 1.62 million metric tons in the previous year. The aluminum sector is one of the largest sources of export revenue for Bahrain, taking in US$3 billion in 2023.
Formed in 1981, the Gulf Aluminium Rolling Mill in Bahrain was the first aluminum facility in the Middle East. The downstream facility has an annual production capacity of more than 165,000 metric tons of flat-rolled aluminum products.
7. Australia
Aluminum production: 1.5 million metric tons
Alumina production: 18 million metric tons
Bauxite production: 100 million metric tons
Bauxite reserves: 3.5 billion metric tons
Australia’s aluminum production in 2024 was 1.5 million metric tons, down slightly compared to 1.56 million MT the previous year. In addition to its work as a major aluminum producer in Canada, Rio Tinto also produces the industrial metal in Australia at two of the country's four aluminum smelters. The mining major sees aluminum as a valuable resource in the new automotive industry.
However, Australia’s aluminum market has been struggling under the weight of the heavy energy costs associated with smelter operations for a number of years now. “Australia is one of the world’s most emissions-intensive aluminium producers,” as per the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis.
Pittsburgh-based Alcoa (NYSE:AA), another of the world's largest aluminum-producing companies, currently operates two bauxite mines, two alumina refineries and one aluminum smelter in Australia. In January 2024, the firm announced it was curtailing production at its Kwinana alumina refinery due to challenging economics.
8. Norway
Aluminum production: 1.3 million metric tons
Alumina production: None
Bauxite production: None
Bauxite reserves: None
Norway produced 1.3 million metric tons of aluminum, on par with the level produced in the previous year. Norway is the largest exporter of primary aluminum in the European Union.
Norsk Hydro (OTCQX:NHYKF,OSE:NHY), a Norwegian aluminum and renewable energy company, has a number of aluminum projects and plants in the country. At Sunndal, Norsk Hydro operates the largest primary aluminum plant in Europe.
In its bid to reach zero-carbon aluminum, the company announced in June 2024 that it is beginning a three-year industrial scale pilot that will test the use of green hydrogen to power aluminum recycling at the recycling unit in its Høyanger plant Norway. In January 2025, Norsk Hydro in partnership with Rio Tinto announced a plan to invest US$45 million in carbon capture technology over the next five years to reduce emissions from aluminum smelting operations.
9. Brazil
Aluminum production: 1.1 million metric tons
Alumina production: 11 million metric tons
Bauxite production: 33 million metric tons
Bauxite reserves: 2.7 billion metric tons
Brazil's aluminum production in 2024 was 1.1 million metric tons, up from 1.02 million in the previous year. The country is home to the world's fourth largest bauxite reserves, and was the fourth largest bauxite production and third largest alumina production levels by country in 2024. This makes the likelihood of Brazil gaining a further footprint in the global aluminum market very possible, especially given plans by the country's industry leaders to invest 30 billion Brazilian reals in the domestic market by 2025.
The largest producer of primary aluminum in Brazil is Albras, which has annual production of about 460,000 metric tons of aluminum using renewable energy sources. Albras is a 51/49 joint venture between Norsk Hydro and Nippon Amazon Aluminum Co. (NAAC), a consortium of Japanese companies, trading companies, consumers and manufacturers of aluminum products. In August 2024, Mitsui & Co (TSE:8031) increased its stake in NAAC from 21 to 46 percent in order to increase its offtake of green aluminum.
Brazil is also a target of the Trump Administration's 25 percent tariffs on steel and aluminum imports.
10. Malaysia
Aluminum production: 870,000 metric tons
Alumina production: None
Bauxite production: None
Bauxite reserves: None
Malaysia produced 870,000 metric tons of aluminum in 2024, down from 940,000 metric tons of the metal in the previous year. The Southeast Asian nation's output of the metal has boomed dramatically in the last decade, as Malaysia's aluminum production in 2012 was just 121,900 MT.
Aluminium Company of Malaysia, or Alcom, is both the largest producer of rolled aluminum products in the country and Malaysia's largest aluminum producer. It is part of the holding company Alcom Group (KLSE:2674).
S&P Global reports that Chinese firms are keen on opening aluminum-smelting operations in Malaysia. This includes the Bosai group, which is planning a 1 million MT per year operation in the country.
Don’t forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time news updates!
Securities Disclosure: I, Melissa Pistilli, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
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