ATO gold mine in Mongolia
Steppe Gold (TSX:STGO) is a gold producer and precious metals explorer headquartered in Mongolia, with a global resource of 4.5 million ounces (Moz) gold equivalent, a leadership team with a strong track record in resource development, and a capital structure backed by industry leading investors.
The company owns the Altan Tsaagan Ovoo (ATO) and the Uudam Khundii (UK) gold projects, both in Mongolia, and the Tres Cruces gold project in Peru.
Steppe Gold commenced Phase 1 gold production at its 100 percent owned flagship ATO project in April 2020. The asset, which consists of four significant deposits including the high-grade Mungu deposit, has a current resource of more than 1.7 Moz gold equivalent, of which 1.32 Moz will be recovered in 14 years.
In January 2024, Steppe entered into an agreement to acquire Boroo Gold, a leading gold producer in Mongolia, with an average production of 60,000 oz per year with a mine life beyond 2030. Once complete, the acquisition will bring Steppe's Phase 1 annual gold production from 30,000 to 90,000 oz.
ATO's Phase 2 expansion project is fully funded, following a $150-million financing deal with the Trade and Development Bank of Mongolia. Commissioning and production for Phase 2 is expected to begin in the final quarter of 2025. With 1.23 Moz in gold equivalent resource to be recovered over 12 years, this second phase is expected to produce more than 100,000 oz of gold equivalent annually, generating $2.2 billion in revenue.
The UK gold project is a first-of-its-kind joint venture between Steppe Gold and the Bayankhongor Provincial Government, wherein Steppe Gold owns 80 percent of the 14,400-hectare property. Initial results from trenching at the Milky Way and the Altan Soum prospects highlighted a mineralized system of at least 700 meters in length and up to 12 meters wide with individual meter sampling results up to 1.49 grams per ton (g/t) gold, 450 g/t silver, 2.98 percent copper, 3.98 percent lead and 0.31 percent zinc.
Steppe Gold is continuing to assess a number of additional opportunities to acquire exploration licenses and mining projects across Mongolia, led by a management team with a track record of success in the country.
With an eye for opportunities beyond Mongolia, Steppe completed the acquisition of Anacortes Mining in 2023, which positions the company for more growth with the development of the high-grade Tres Cruces oxide project in Peru. The project is located approximately 10 kilometers from the Lagunas Norte mine. Total gold production at Tres Cruces is expected at 481,000 ounces over a 7-year mine life, with a US$158-million after-tax NPV (5 percent) at US$1,700, and after-tax IRR at 30.9 percent.
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Mongolia’s Premiere Precious Metals Company
Steppe Gold Ltd. (TSX: STGO): Stonegate Capital Partners Updates Coverage on Steppe Gold Ltd. (TSX: STGO).
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About Stonegate
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Steppe Gold Ltd. (TSX: STGO) (OTCQX: STPGF) (FSE: 2J9) ("Steppe Gold" or the "Company") is pleased to announce its financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.
HIGHLIGHTS
First Quarter Highlights
(all figures in US$000's unless stated otherwise, except per unit figures which are in US$)
Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2024 amounted to $7,971 on sales of 3,723 gold ounces and 19,506 silver ounces, respectively.
Average realized prices for the three months ended March 31, 2024 were $2,043 per gold ounce and $19 per silver ounce, respectively.
Operating profit from mine operations before depreciation and depletion for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $4,324.
Adjusted EBITDA after payments made pursuant to the metals purchase and sale agreement (the "Stream Agreement") with Triple Flag Finance Bermuda Ltd. for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was negative $309.
Site All in Sustaining Cost ("AISC") was $945 per ounce sold for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. AISC was $1,522 per ounce sold for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
During the three months ended March 31, 2024, 133,090 tonnes of ore were mined and 145,479 tonnes of ore were stacked on the leach pad, with an average gold grade of 0.56 g/t.
As at March 31, 2024, the cash balance was $6,740 (including $87 recorded in assets classified as held for sale); total bank debt, payables and other debts (including liabilities of $81 recorded in assets classified as held for sale, excluding convertible debentures, Stream Agreement, lease liabilities, tax payables and asset retirement obligations) was $70,216 with net debt of $63,476.
On January 9, 2024, the Company announced that it had entered into a turnkey engineering, procurement and construction contract with Hexagon Build Engineering LLC for the Phase 2 Expansion.
The Phase 2 Expansion is proceeding according to the projected timelines and budgets, with commissioning planned for the first quarter of 2026.
On March 15, 2024, the Company entered into an amended and restated gold prepay agreement ("A&R Prepay Agreement") for an additional advance of $5,000 with a repayment term over five months, commencing on August 15, 2024, in five equal monthly deliveries of 530 ounces of gold for a total of 2,650 ounces delivered to Triple Flag International Ltd.
On March 26, 2024, a milestone payment of $37,000 was made to the EPC contractor in relation to the Phase 2 Expansion (as defined below) to fund procurement of major long lead items, mobilization costs, early construction works and foundational work. The major long lead items include the flotations cells, grinding mills, cluster cyclones, thickener units, filters and pumping systems.
On April 11, 2024, the Company announced that it had entered into a share exchange (the "Share Exchange Agreement") agreement pursuant to which it will acquire all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Boroo Gold LLC from an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Boroo Pte Ltd. ("Boroo Singapore") in an all-share transaction (the "Boroo Gold Transaction").
Additionally, on April 11, 2024, the Company announced that it had entered into separate definitive share purchase agreements (the "Share Purchase Agreements"), pursuant to which the Company will sell the Tres Cruces Oxide Project to Boroo Singapore for approximately CAD$12 million in cash (the "Tres Cruces Transaction", and, together with the Boroo Gold Transaction, the "Proposed Transaction"), payable over the next 18 months beginning as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Share Purchase Agreements).
Outlook
The Proposed Transaction to acquire Boroo Gold is a transformational step for the Company. With an expected closing in the third quarter of 2024, the Proposed Transaction is expected to accelerate the path to a multi-asset Mongolia-focused mining group and, importantly, is projected to immediately provide strong cash flow to support growth plans, further improved with the recent strong gold prices. The Proposed Transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of approval by the Company's shareholders at the annual general and special meeting of shareholders expected to be held at the end of June 2024, and certain regulatory approvals, including the approvals of the Toronto Stock Exchange and applicable Mongolian authorities.
The near term focus for the Company is on maximising production and cash flows at ATO Phase 1, executing on a successful completion of the Phase 2 Expansion, where construction activity continues, with a planned commissioning in Q1 2026, and on working towards closing the Proposed Transaction and planning for the successful integration of Boroo Gold into the Company's operations.
With the projected additional operating cash flow accruing from the Boroo Gold Transaction, the Company expects to be well-placed to increase exploration activities at both production centres with the aim of extending resources, reserves and production. The Company will also consider opportunistic acquisitions in Mongolia.
The Company's condensed interim consolidated financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 have been filed on SEDAR+. The full version of the condensed interim consolidated financial statements and associated management's discussion & analysis can be viewed on the Company's website at www.steppegold.com or under the Company's profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.
Steppe Gold Ltd.
Steppe Gold is Mongolia's premier precious metals company.
For Further information, please contact:
Bataa Tumur-Ochir, Chairman and CEO
Jeremy South, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Elisa Tagarvaa, Investor Relations elisa@steppegold.com
Shangri-La office, Suite 1201, Olympic Street
19A, Sukhbaatar District 1,
Ulaanbaatar 14241, Mongolia
Tel: +976 7732 1914
Non-IFRS Performance Measures
The Company uses the following non-IFRS measures: Adjusted EBITDA, EBITDA and AISC. EBITDA is earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. AISC is calculated using cash costs in addition to general and administration, asset retirement costs, and sustaining capital, less certain non-recurring costs (notably exploration costs at the Mungu deposit) to provide an overall company outlook on the total cost required to sell an ounce of gold.
Management believes that these non-IFRS measures provide useful information to investors in measuring the financial performance of the Company for the reasons outlined below. These measures do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore they may not be comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other publicly traded companies and should not be construed as an alternative to other financial measures determined in accordance with IFRS. The Company believes that these measures, together with measures determined in accordance with IFRS, provide investors with an improved ability to evaluate the underlying performance of the Company. The inclusion of these measures is meant to provide additional information and should not be used as a substitute for performance measures prepared in accordance with IFRS. These measures are not necessarily standard and therefore may not be comparable to other issuers. Further details of non-IFRS measures noted above can be found in the Company's management's discussion & analysis for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This news release contains certain statements or disclosures relating to the Company that are based on the expectations of its management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company which may constitute forward-looking statements or information ("forward-looking statements") under applicable securities laws. All such statements and disclosures, other than those of historical fact, which address activities, events, outcomes, results, or developments that the Company anticipates or expects may, or will occur in the future (in whole or in part) should be considered forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of the words "continued", "focus", "scheduled", "will", "projected", "expected", "planned" and similar expressions. In particular, but without limiting the foregoing, this news release contains forward-looking statements pertaining to the following: the anticipated benefits of the Boroo Gold Transaction; the potential for value creation to Steppe Gold's shareholders; payments to be made under the A&R Prepay Agreement; consummation and timing of the Proposed Transaction; the satisfaction of the conditions precedent to the Proposed Transaction; the strengths, characteristics and potential of the resulting company and discussion of future plans, projections, objectives, estimates and forecasts and the timing related thereto, including with respect to the Phase 2 Expansion and the ATO gold mine.
The forward-looking statements contained in this news release reflect several material factors and expectations and assumptions of the Company including, without limitation: required shareholder, regulatory and stock exchange approvals; approvals from applicable Mongolian authorities; exercise of any termination rights under the Share Exchange Agreement or the Share Purchase Agreements; meeting other conditions precedent to each of the Share Exchange Agreement and the Share Purchase Agreements material adverse effects on the business, properties and assets of the Company; changes in business plans and strategies; market and capital finance conditions; risks inherent to any capital financing transactions; changes in world commodity markets; currency fluctuations; costs and supply of materials relevant to the mining industry; change in government and changes to regulations affecting the mining industry; and such other risk factors detailed from time to time in Steppe Gold's public disclosure documents, including, without limitation, those risks identified in Steppe Gold's annual information form for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.
Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management's good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date those statements are made. Except as required by applicable law, Steppe Gold assumes no obligation to update or to publicly announce the results of any change to any forward-looking statement contained or incorporated by reference herein to reflect actual results, future events or developments, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting the forward-looking statements. If Steppe Gold updates any one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that the company will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements contained in this news release are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
To view the source version of this press release, please visit https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/209389
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Steppe Gold Ltd. (TSX: STGO) (OTCQX: STPGF) (FSE: 2J9) ("Steppe Gold") is pleased to announce that it has filed with the applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities the management information circular dated May 8, 2024 and related meeting materials of Steppe Gold (the "Meeting Materials") for use at the annual general and special meeting (the "Meeting") of Steppe Gold shareholders (the "Shareholders") to be held in connection with the proposed transaction with Boroo Gold LLC ("Boroo Gold") and Boroo Pte Ltd. ("Boroo Singapore"), or one of its affiliates, as previously announced on April 11, 2024 (the "Transaction"). Steppe Gold has also mailed copies of the Meeting Materials to Shareholders entitled to vote on the Transaction at the Meeting.
At the Meeting, Shareholders will be asked to consider and, if deemed advisable, to approve the Transaction. If the Transaction is completed: (i) Steppe Gold will acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of Boroo Gold in return for the issuance of that number of common shares in the capital of Steppe Gold ("Common Shares") that would result in Boroo Singapore, directly or indirectly, holding 55.9% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares (calculated on a fully diluted basis); and (ii) Boroo Singapore will acquire the Tres Cruces Oxide Project (the "Tres Cruces Project") by purchasing all of the issued and outstanding shares of two of Steppe Gold's indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries for aggregate cash consideration of approximately CAD$12 million.
THE Steppe Gold BOARD OF DIRECTORS HAS UNANIMOUSLY DETERMINED THAT THE TRANSACTION IS IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF Steppe Gold AND UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT SHAREHOLDERS VOTE IN FAVOUR OF THE TRANSACTION.
Benefits of the Transaction
The Transaction is expected to provide meaningful benefits to Shareholders, including:
The Meeting and Voting
The Meeting is scheduled to be held at the Shangri-La Hotel, 19 Olympic Street, Sukhbaatar District-1, Ulaanbaatar 14241 Mongolia on June 24, 2024 at 10:00 a.m. (ULAT). Shareholders may vote in person at the Meeting or by proxy. Shareholders that are unable to attend the Meeting, or any adjourned or postponed Meeting in person, are requested to date, sign and return the form of proxy for use at the Meeting. The deadline for receipt of proxies for the Meeting is 10:00 a.m. (ULAT) on June 20, 2024.
Shareholders are advised to carefully read the Meeting Materials and then vote in person at the Meeting or by proxy. The Meeting Materials are available under the Company's profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca. Only Shareholders of record as at the close of business on May 6, 2024 are eligible to vote at the Meeting.
About Steppe Gold
Steppe Gold is Mongolia's premier precious metals company and 100% owner of the ATO gold mine and the Uudam Khundii project in Mongolia.
About Boroo Gold
Established in 1997, Boroo Gold is a leading gold producer in Mongolia with over 50,000 tons per day mining fleet, 5,500 tons per day mill and carbon-in-leach circuit gold processing plant, 3,000,000 tons per annum heap leach and carbon-in-columns plant and an approximate workforce of over 400 people. Boroo Gold operates the Boroo mine in Selenge province, as well as owning and operating the adjacent Ulaanbulag mine in Mongolia.
Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Information
This news release includes certain statements that constitute "forward-looking statements" and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable securities laws (collectively, "forward-looking statements"). These include statements regarding Steppe Gold's intent, or the beliefs or current expectations for Steppe Gold's growth, production and valuation post-closing of the Transaction; future market conditions for metals; timing of the Meeting; and expected benefits to Shareholders as a result of the Transaction.
When used in this news release, words such as "expected", "scheduled" and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements as well as phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results "will", or "would" occur or the negative connotation of such terms.
As well, forward-looking statements may relate to Steppe Gold's future outlook and anticipated events, such as the consummation and timing of the Transaction; the satisfaction of the conditions precedent to each of the Transaction; the anticipated benefits of the Transaction; the potential for value creation to Shareholders; the anticipated timing of the closing of the Transaction; the timing and anticipated receipt of required Shareholder, court and regulatory approvals for the Transaction; anticipated gold production of Boroo Gold and combined gold production of Steppe Gold; the anticipated cash flow of Steppe Gold; potential liquidity from the sale of the Tres Cruces Project; and discussion of future plans, projections, objectives, estimates and forecasts and the timing related thereto.
These forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including those relating to: required shareholder, regulatory and stock exchange approvals; approvals from applicable Mongolian authorities; exercise of any termination rights under the share exchange agreement dated April 11, 2024 between Steppe Gold, Boroo Singapore and Centerra Netherlands BVBA (the "Share Exchange Agreement") or the separate definitive share purchase agreements (the "Share Purchase Agreements"), each between one of Steppe Gold's wholly-owned subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Boroo Singapore or one of its affiliates, on the other hand, each dated April 11, 2024; meeting other conditions precedent to each of the Share Exchange Agreement and the Share Purchase Agreements; material adverse effects on the business, properties and assets of Steppe Gold or Boroo Gold; discrepancies between actual and estimated production and test results, mineral reserves and resources and metallurgical recoveries; and such other risk factors detailed from time to time in Steppe Gold's public disclosure documents, including, without limitation, those risks identified in Steppe Gold's annual information form for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.
Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management's good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date those statements are made. Except as required by applicable law, Steppe Gold assumes no obligation to update or to publicly announce the results of any change to any forward-looking statement contained or incorporated by reference herein to reflect actual results, future events or developments, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting the forward-looking statements. If Steppe Gold updates any one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that the company will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements contained in this news release are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
Contact Information
Bataa Tumur-Ochir, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Jeremy South, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Elisa Tagarvaa, Investor Relations Manager (elisa@steppegold.com)
Shangri-La office, Suite 1201, Olympic Street 19A, Sukhbaatar District 1, Ulaanbaatar 14241, Mongolia
Tel: +976 7732 1914
To view the source version of this press release, please visit https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/209078
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Steppe Gold Ltd. (TSX: STGO) (OTCQX: STPGF) (FSE: 2J9) (" Steppe Gold ") is pleased to announce that, further to its press releases dated January 22, 2024 and March 19, 2024, it has entered into a share exchange agreement (the " Share Exchange Agreement ") pursuant to which Steppe Gold will acquire all of the issued and outstanding common shares (the " BG Common Shares ") of Boroo Gold LLC (" Boroo Gold ") from an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Boroo Pte Ltd. (" Boroo Singapore ") in an all-share transaction (the " Boroo Gold Transaction ").
Additionally, pursuant to separate definitive share purchase agreements (the " Share Purchase Agreements "), each between one of Steppe Gold's wholly-owned subsidiaries, on the one hand, and Boroo Singapore or one of its affiliates, on the other hand, each dated April 11, 2024, Steppe Gold will sell the Tres Cruces Oxide Project (the " Tres Cruces Project ") to Boroo Singapore for approximately CAD$12 million in cash (the " Tres Cruces Transaction ") payable over the next 18 months beginning as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Share Purchase Agreements).
Highlights
Bataa Tumur-Ochir, Chairman and CEO of Steppe Gold, commented: "We are very pleased to announce the agreement to acquire Boroo Gold. This transaction accelerates our path to a multi-asset Mongolia-focused mining group and, importantly, immediately provides strong cash flow to support our growth plans, further improved with the recent strong gold prices. In connection with the completion of this transaction we expect to finish 2024 with a run rate of around 90,000 oz in gold production, moving to over 150,000 oz in 2026 on a pro forma basis. We have also decided to divest the Tres Cruces Project to further improve our liquidity and sharpen our focus on Mongolia."
Boroo Gold Transaction Details
Share Exchange Agreement
Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, Steppe Gold will acquire all of the BG Common Shares in consideration for the issuance by Steppe Gold of 138,150,000 Steppe Common Shares, or that number of Steppe Common Shares that results in Boroo Singapore, directly or indirectly, holding 55.9% of the issued and outstanding Steppe Common Shares (calculated on a fully-diluted basis) upon completion of the Boroo Gold Transaction. Steppe Gold will seek approval for the issuance of Steppe Common Shares in connection with the Boroo Gold Transaction at Steppe Gold's annual general and special meeting of shareholders (the " Meeting "), which is expected to be held in June 2024.
The Boroo Gold Transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of approval by Steppe Gold's shareholders at the Meeting, and certain regulatory approvals, including the approvals of the Toronto Stock Exchange and applicable Mongolian authorities. Additionally, it is a condition to the closing of the Boroo Gold Transaction that the Tres Cruces Transaction has closed.
All of the directors and executive officers of Steppe Gold have entered into support and voting agreements pursuant to which they have agreed to support the Boroo Gold Transaction and to vote in favour of the Boroo Gold Transaction, subject to the provisions of such support and voting agreements.
The Share Exchange Agreement includes customary representations, warranties and covenants, including with respect to non-solicitation of alternative transactions, a right to match superior proposals and a fiduciary out in respect of the same. In addition, each of Boroo Singapore and Steppe Gold have agreed to pay a termination fee if the Share Exchange Agreement is terminated upon the occurrence of certain events.
Further details with respect to the Boroo Gold Transaction and the Tres Cruces Transaction will be included in the information circular to be mailed to Steppe Gold's shareholders in connection with the Meeting. Provided all conditions precedent in the Share Exchange Agreement are satisfied or waived in a timely manner (including the closing of the Tres Cruces Transaction), it is currently anticipated that the Boroo Gold Transaction will close in the third quarter of 2024. A copy of the Share Exchange Agreement, the Share Purchase Agreements and the information circular in respect of the Meeting will be filed on Steppe Gold's SEDAR+ profile and will be available for viewing at www.sedarplus.ca .
Investor Rights Agreement
At the closing of the Boroo Gold Transaction, Steppe Gold will enter into an investor rights agreement with Boroo Singapore (the " Investor Rights Agreement "). Pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, Boroo Singapore will have the right to nominate up to two directors (the " Boroo Nominees ") to the board of directors of Steppe Gold (the " Steppe Board "), subject to Boroo Singapore maintaining ownership of at least 10% of the issued and outstanding Steppe Common Shares, and other terms and conditions as further set forth in the Investor Rights Agreement. In addition, Boroo Singapore will be provided with certain governance rights, so long as it maintains certain Steppe Common Share ownership thresholds, including pre-emptive rights and customary registration rights. The key executive management team of Steppe Gold will remain in place following closing of the Boroo Gold Transaction.
Expected Management Team on Closing
| (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) |
| (Chief Operating Officer) |
| (SVP and Chief Financial Officer) |
| (President & Vice President, Finance) |
Benefits of the Boroo Gold Transaction
The Boroo Gold Transaction is expected to provide meaningful benefits to shareholders of Steppe Gold, including:
Tres Cruces Transaction Details
Steppe Gold is also pleased to announce that it has entered into the Share Purchase Agreements, pursuant to which Boroo Singapore will acquire the Tres Cruces Project by purchasing all of the issued and outstanding shares of two of Steppe Gold's indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries for aggregate cash consideration of approximately CAD$12 million. The consideration is payable in four installments over a period of 18 months starting on the Closing Date (as defined in the Share Purchase Agreements). The Tres Cruces Transaction is expected to close in July 2024, following which, the Boroo Gold Transaction will close subsequently thereafter.
The Tres Cruces Transaction is subject to customary closing conditions and is cross conditional on the closing of the Boroo Gold Transaction.
Recommendation of the Steppe Board
Based on an independent verbal fairness opinion provided by Sequeira Partners, in respect of the Boroo Gold Transaction, and after consulting with its financial and legal advisors, among other considerations, the Steppe Board has unanimously: (i) determined that each of the Boroo Gold Transaction and the Tres Cruces Transaction is fair to Steppe Gold; (ii) approved each of the Boroo Gold Transaction and the Tres Cruces Transaction and the entering into of the Share Exchange Agreement and Share Purchase Agreements, respectively, is in the best interests of Steppe Gold; and (iii) resolved to recommend that Steppe Gold's shareholders vote in favour of the Transaction Resolution (as defined in the Share Exchange Agreement).
Advisors
Steppe Gold's legal counsel is Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP. Boroo Singapore's Canadian legal counsel is Stikeman Elliott LLP. Payet, Rey, Cauvi, Pérez Abogados are Peruvian legal counsel to Steppe Gold and Boroo Singapore. Steppe Gold's financial advisor is Sequeira Partners. Boroo Singapore's financial advisor is Cormark Securities Inc.
Qualified Persons
The technical content of this news release regarding Steppe Gold has been reviewed and validated by Enkhtuvshin Khishigsuren, PEng., a "Qualified Person" as that term is defined in National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects .
Technical Reports
Additional information with respect to Steppe Gold's Altan Tsagaan Ovoo Project, including its AuEq resource base, is contained in the technical report of Steppe Gold dated November 6, 2022 and entitled "Altan Tsagaan Ovoo Project (ATO) 2022 Mineral Resources & Reserves Report (NI 43-101)". A copy of said report can be obtained from SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca .
Further information with respect to the Tres Cruces Project is contained in the technical report of Steppe Gold, dated August 21, 2023 and entitled "Form 43-101F1 Technical Report Preliminary Economic Assessment". A copy of said report can be obtained from SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca .
About Steppe Gold
Steppe Gold is Mongolia's premier precious metals company and 100% owner of the ATO gold mine and the Uudam Khundii project in Mongolia.
About Boroo Gold
Established in 1997, Boroo Gold is a leading gold producer in Mongolia with over 50,000 tons per day mining fleet, 5,500 tons per day mill and carbon-in-leach circuit gold processing plant, 3,000,000 tons per annum heap leach and carbon-in-columns plant and an approximate workforce of over 400 people. Boroo Gold operates the Boroo mine in Selenge province, as well as owning and operating the adjacent Ulaanbulag mine in Mongolia.
Cautionary Statement on Forward-Looking Information
This news release includes certain statements that constitute "forward-looking statements" and "forward-looking information" within the meaning of applicable securities laws (collectively, "forward-looking statements"). These include statements regarding Steppe Gold's intent, or the beliefs or current expectations of the officers and directors of Steppe Gold, for Steppe Gold's growth, production and valuation post-closing of the Boroo Gold Transaction and Tres Cruces Transaction and future market conditions for metals.
When used in this news release, words such as "anticipated", "expected", "estimated", "future", "forecast", "likely", "opportunity", "ongoing", "potential", "planned", "projected", "proposed", "vision" and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements as well as phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results "could", "may", "should", "will", or "would" occur or the negative connotation of such terms.
As well, forward-looking statements may relate to Steppe Gold's future outlook and anticipated events, such as the consummation and timing of each of the Boroo Gold Transaction and the Tres Cruces Transaction; the Steppe Board and management team of Steppe Gold following the Boroo Gold Transaction; the satisfaction of the conditions precedent to each of the Boroo Gold Transaction and Tres Cruces Transaction; the anticipated benefits of the Boroo Gold Transaction; the potential for value creation to Steppe Gold's shareholders; the anticipated timing of the closings of the Boroo Gold Transaction and Tres Cruces Transaction; the entering into of the support and voting agreements, Investor Rights Agreement and other ancillary documents in connection with the Boroo Gold Transaction; the filing of the Share Exchange Agreement, the Share Purchase Agreements and the information circular in respect of the Meeting on SEDAR+; the details to be included in the information circular regarding the Meeting in respect of the Boroo Gold Transaction and the Tres Cruces Transaction; the timing and anticipated receipt of required shareholder, court and regulatory approvals for the Boroo Gold Transaction and, if applicable, for the Tres Cruces Transaction; Boroo's nomination and governance rights under the Investor Rights Agreement; anticipated gold production of Boroo Gold and combined gold production of Steppe Gold; the anticipated cash flow of Steppe Gold; potential liquidity from the sale of the Tres Cruces Project; and discussion of future plans, projections, objectives, estimates and forecasts and the timing related thereto.
These forward-looking statements involve numerous risks and uncertainties, including those relating to: required shareholder, regulatory and stock exchange approvals; approvals from applicable Mongolian authorities; exercise of any termination rights under the Share Exchange Agreement or the Share Purchase Agreements; meeting other conditions precedent to each of the Share Exchange Agreement and the Share Purchase Agreements; the time required to prepare and mail the Meeting materials, including the information circular; material adverse effects on the business, properties and assets of Steppe Gold or Boroo Gold; discrepancies between actual and estimated production and test results, mineral reserves and resources and metallurgical recoveries; and such other risk factors detailed from time to time in Steppe Gold's public disclosure documents, including, without limitation, those risks identified in Steppe Gold's annual information form for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is available on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca .
Forward-looking statements are based on information available at the time those statements are made and/or management's good faith belief as of that time with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual performance or results to differ materially from those expressed in or suggested by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date those statements are made. Except as required by applicable law, Steppe Gold assumes no obligation to update or to publicly announce the results of any change to any forward-looking statement contained or incorporated by reference herein to reflect actual results, future events or developments, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting the forward-looking statements. If Steppe Gold updates any one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that the company will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements contained in this news release are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
Contact Information
Bataa Tumur-Ochir, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Jeremy South, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Shangri-La office, Suite 1201, Olympic Street 19A, Sukhbaatar District 1, Ulaanbaatar 14241, Mongolia
Tel: +976 7732 1914
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Steppe Gold Ltd. (TSX: STGO) (OTCQX: STPGF) (FSE: 2J9) (" Steppe Gold " or the " Company ") is pleased to announce its financial results for the year ended December 31, 2023.
HIGHLIGHTS
Fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2023 Highlights
(all figures in US$000's unless stated otherwise, except per unit figures which are in US$)
Outlook
With the landmark financing package secured and the first tranche of $50,000 fully drawn down, the Company's main operational focus is execution of development of the Phase 2 Expansion with its EPC partners at Hexagon Build.
This will involve acceleration of the ordering of long lead items, commencement of early construction and foundational works and mobilization to site by Hexagon Build.
The potential acquisition of Boroo Gold is proceeding well with the due diligence process now in the latter stages. The Company is also in negotiations regarding the sale of the Tres Cruces Project.
The Company's consolidated financial results for the year ended December 31, 2023 have been filed on SEDAR+. The full version of the annual consolidated financial statements and associated management's discussion & analysis can be viewed on the Company's website at www.steppegold.com or under the Company's profile on SEDAR + at www.sedarplus.ca .
Steppe Gold Ltd.
Steppe Gold is Mongolia's premier precious metals company.
For Further information, please contact:
Bataa Tumur-Ochir, Chairman and CEO
Jeremy South, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Shangri-La office, Suite 1201, Olympic Street
19A, Sukhbaatar District 1,
Ulaanbaatar 14241, Mongolia
Tel: +976 7732 1914
Non-IFRS Performance Measures
EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Further details of Non-IFRS Performance Measures noted above can be found in the Company's management's discussion & analysis.
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This news release contains certain statements or disclosures relating to the Company that are based on the expectations of its management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company which may constitute forward-looking statements or information ("forward-looking statements") under applicable securities laws. All such statements and disclosures, other than those of historical fact, which address activities, events, outcomes, results, or developments that the Company anticipates or expects may, or will, occur in the future (in whole or in part) should be considered forward-looking statements. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of the words "continued", "focus", "scheduled", "will", "potential", "planned" and similar expressions. In particular, but without limiting the foregoing, this news release contains forward-looking statements pertaining to the following: trading of the Company's common shares and business; economic, and political conditions in Mongolia and Peru; and discussion of future plans, projections, objectives, estimates and forecasts and the timing related thereto, including with respect to the ATO Gold Mine, the Phase 2 Expansion, the EPC Contract, the Boroo Gold transaction and the sale of the Tres Cruces Project.
The forward-looking statements contained in this news release reflect several material factors and expectations and assumptions of the Company including, without limitation: exercise of any termination rights under the Term Sheet; the negotiation of definitive agreements in respect of the acquisition of Boroo Gold and the sale of the Tres Cruces Project; material adverse effects on the business, properties and assets of the Company; changes in business plans and strategies; market and capital finance conditions; risks inherent to any capital financing transactions; changes in world commodity markets; currency fluctuations; costs and supply of materials relevant to the mining industry; change in government; and changes to regulations affecting the mining industry.
The Company believes the material factors, expectations and assumptions reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable at this time, but no assurance can be given that these factors, expectations and assumptions will prove to be correct. The forward-looking statements included in this news release are not guarantees of future performance and should not be unduly relied upon. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements, including, without limitation: changes in world commodity markets, equity markets, costs and supply of materials relevant to the mining industry; changes in government; changes to regulations affecting the mining industry; and certain other risks detailed from time to time in the Company's public disclosure documents, including, without limitation, those risks identified in this news release and in the Company's annual information form dated April 1, 2024, copies of which are available on the Company's SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.ca . Readers are cautioned that the foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements contained in this news release are made as of the date hereof and the Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless so required by applicable securities laws.
The Toronto Stock Exchange has not reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of the content of this news release.
News Provided by GlobeNewswire via QuoteMedia
Earthwise Minerals (CSE:WISE,FSE:966) is an emerging gold exploration company leveraging a data-driven strategy to unlock significant upside in a tier-one Canadian jurisdiction. The company is advancing its Iron Range project in southeastern British Columbia—a district-scale land package with geological analogues to some of North America’s most prolific polymetallic systems.
Earthwise Minerals is pursuing a measured growth strategy that blends investor outreach with disciplined exploration. By integrating over $8 million of historic data with modern techniques, the company is advancing the Iron Range Gold Project efficiently and cost-effectively. A staged four-year option agreement provides a low-entry framework for exploration and supports a clear path toward drilling.
The Iron Range Gold Project is Earthwise Minerals’ flagship asset, spanning 21,437 hectares in southeastern British Columbia, just northeast of Creston. The property sits along the Iron Mountain Fault Zone (IMFZ), a major regional structure within the Purcell Supergroup that also hosts the world-class Sullivan SEDEX deposit. Earthwise controls over 50 kilometres of strike length along the IMFZ and its associated splays. The project benefits from excellent infrastructure, including Highway 3 crossing the property, Canadian Pacific rail access, and nearby BC Hydro power, natural gas, and water. Exploration is further streamlined by a multi-year area-based (MYAB) permit, enabling trenching, geophysics, road access, and drilling without the need for annual approvals.
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With a data-driven exploration strategy, Earthwise Minerals is an emerging gold exploration company with significant upside potential in a tier-one Canadian jurisdiction. The company is advancing the Iron Range gold project in southeastern British Columbia, a district-scale land package with geological analogues to some of North America’s most prolific polymetallic systems.
Earthwise Minerals (CSE:WISE,FSE:966) is a Vancouver-based exploration company advancing the fully permitted Iron Range Gold Project in southeastern British Columbia. The project benefits from a multi-year exploration and drilling permit that provides flexibility for efficient advancement. With a history of significant gold discoveries and more than $8 million in historic exploration work, Iron Range represents the company’s primary focus and a district-scale opportunity in a tier-one jurisdiction.
Iron range property looking from Talon Zone area towards Arrow Creek
Earthwise Minerals is pursuing a measured growth strategy that blends investor outreach with disciplined exploration. By integrating over $8 million of historic data with modern techniques, the company is advancing the Iron Range Gold Project efficiently and cost-effectively. A staged four-year option agreement provides a low-entry framework for exploration and supports a clear path toward drilling.
The Iron Range Gold Project is Earthwise Minerals’ flagship asset, covering 21,437 hectares in southeastern British Columbia, just northeast of Creston. The property is underlain by the Iron Mountain Fault Zone (IMFZ), a major regional structure within the Purcell Supergroup that also hosts the world-class Sullivan SEDEX deposit. Earthwise controls more than 50 kilometres of strike length along the IMFZ and associated splays. The project benefits from excellent infrastructure, with Highway 3 crossing the property, Canadian Pacific rail access, and nearby BC Hydro power, natural gas, and water. Exploration is further supported by a multi-year area-based (MYAB) permit, allowing trenching, geophysics, road access, and drilling without the need for annual approvals.
A robust exploration dataset underpins the project. A 2004 VTEM survey outlined conductivity trends coincident with the IMFZ, while systematic soil geochemistry defined multi-element anomalies (arsenic, lead, zinc, and gold), including “Sullivan-style” lead-zinc responses within the Lower–Middle Aldridge Contact — a stratigraphic horizon strongly associated with SEDEX mineralization. Induced polarization (IP) surveys completed in 2017 identified a down-plunge chargeability anomaly at the Talon/Canyon Zone. Follow-up drilling in 2018 confirmed this target, returning mineralized intercepts consistent with the geophysical model and demonstrating continuity beneath surface anomalies.
Mineralization styles at Iron Range are polymetallic and diverse, including intermediate-sulphidation epithermal systems with alteration assemblages of silica, K-feldspar, sericite, and carbonate. Mineralization occurs within brittle shear and breccia zones ranging from one metre to several tens of metres wide, spatially associated with the IMFZ and concentrated within approximately 150 metres of the LMC.
Historic drilling at the Talon/Canyon Zone has returned broad and high-grade intercepts, including:
Mineralization remains open along strike and at depth, with overlapping geophysical and geochemical vectors indicating potential for parallel or offset mineralized shoots. Earthwise’s 2025 exploration program is focused on detailed structural mapping, systematic geochemical sampling, and expanded IP surveys to refine 3D chargeability and resistivity models, helping to de-risk future drill targeting. A Phase 1 drill campaign (~2,500 metres) is scheduled for 2026 to test down-plunge extensions of the Talon/Canyon Zone and evaluate additional parallel structures.
Under the option agreement with Eagle Plains Resources, Earthwise can earn a 70 percent interest over four years through staged cash, share and exploration commitments. An additional 10 percent interest (to 80 percent) can be acquired for a $1-million cash payment within 120 days of vesting at 70 percent. Eagle Plains retains a 1 percent NSR on part of the property. This represents a low-cost entry relative to the more than $8 million of historical work already completed, allowing Earthwise to direct capital toward geophysics and drilling rather than re-establishing baseline exploration.
The emphasis on geophysics is strategic. In structurally complex belts where mineralization occurs in breccia, veins and disseminated sulphides, IP surveys are a proven, cost-effective discriminator. They can identify disseminated to semi-massive sulphides, distinguish mineralized from barren host rocks, and provide depth slices for 3D geological modelling. When integrated with legacy VTEM, geochemical surveys and drill data, modern IP provides the most efficient pathway to precise, high-value drilling designed to answer key questions of geometry, grade distribution and vectoring within the system.
Mark Luchinski is a seasoned entrepreneur and capital markets specialist with two decades of experience managing public companies and advancing exploration projects. He has guided multiple firms through financing, acquisitions, exploration and public listings. In addition to Earthwise, he serves as a director of Aeonian Resources.
A professional geologist and NI 43-101 qualified person with over 15 years of exploration experience, George Yordanov has contributed to grassroots discoveries with Osisko Mining, Sumitomo Metal and Dundee Precious Metals, bringing expertise across gold, base metals and lithium exploration.
Solomon Kasirye is a registered geoscientist with over a decade of experience across resource estimation, exploration, mine geology and commodity research. He is the managing director of SoloCore Solutions and holds advanced degrees in Metal & Energy Finance (Imperial College London) and Mineral Resource Management (University of Free State)
An engineer with 10+ years of business development and digital strategy experience, Mateo Arcila leads Earthwise’s corporate outreach, digital presence and capital markets engagement. His background spans marketing, big data analytics and international business
Ikavinder Deol is CPA with over six years of experience in financial reporting and regulatory compliance for junior mining companies. She is also with Cross Davis & Company, specializing in IFRS reporting for resource companies
Gold market gurus from Lynette Zang to Chris Blasi to Jordan Roy-Byrne have shared eye-popping predictions on the gold price that would intrigue any investor — gold bug or not.
Some have posited that the gold price may rise as high as US$4,000 or US$5,000 per ounce, and there are those who believe that US$10,000 gold or even US$40,000 gold could become a reality.
These impressive price predictions have investors wondering, what is gold's all-time high (ATH)?
In the past year, gold has reached new all-time highs dozens of times. Find out what has driven it to these levels, plus how the gold price has moved historically and what has impacted its performance in recent years.
Before discovering what the highest gold price ever was, it’s worth looking at how the precious metal is traded. Knowing the mechanics behind gold's historical moves can help illuminate why and how its price changes.
Gold bullion is traded in dollars and cents per ounce, with activity taking place worldwide at all hours, resulting in a live price. Investors trade gold in major commodities markets such as New York, London, Tokyo and Hong Kong.
London is seen as the center of physical precious metals trading, including for silver. The COMEX division of the New York Mercantile Exchange is home to most paper trading.
There are many popular ways to invest in gold. The first is through purchasing gold bullion products such as bullion bars, bullion coins and rounds. Physical gold is sold on the spot market, meaning that buyers pay a specific price per ounce for the metal and then have it delivered or stored in a secure facility. In some parts of the world, such as India, buying gold in the form of jewelry is the largest and most traditional route to investing in gold.
Another path to gold investment is paper trading, which is done through the gold futures market. Participants enter into gold futures contracts for the delivery of gold in the future at an agreed-upon price.
In such contracts, two positions can be taken: a long position under which delivery of the metal is accepted or a short position to provide delivery of the metal. Paper trading as a means to invest in gold can provide investors with the flexibility to liquidate assets that aren’t available to those who possess physical gold bullion.
One significant long-term advantage of trading in the paper market is that investors can benefit from gold’s safe-haven status without needing to store it. Furthermore, gold futures trading can offer more financial leverage in that it requires less capital than trading in the physical market. Investors can also purchase physical gold via the futures market, but the process is complicated and lengthy and comes with a large investment and additional costs.
Aside from those options, market participants can invest in gold through exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Investing in a gold ETF is similar to trading a gold stock on an exchange, and there are numerous gold ETF options to choose from depending on your preference. For instance, some ETFs focus solely on physical gold bullion, while others focus on gold futures contracts. Other gold ETFs center on gold-mining stocks or follow the gold spot price.
It is important to understand that you will not own any physical gold when investing in an ETF — in general, even a gold ETF that tracks physical gold cannot be redeemed for tangible metal.
Gold has an interesting relationship with the stock market. The two often move in sync during “risk-on periods” when investors are bullish. On the flip side, they tend to become inversely correlated in times of volatility.
According to the World Gold Council, gold's ability to decouple from the stock market during periods of stress makes it “unique amongst most hedges in the marketplace.” It is often during these times that gold outperforms the stock market. For that reason, it is often used as a portfolio diversifier to hedge against uncertainty.
There are a variety of options for investing in gold stocks, including gold-mining stocks on the TSX and ASX, gold juniors, precious metals royalty companies and gold stocks that pay dividends.
The gold price peaked at US$3,702.45, its all-time high, during trading on September 16, 2025.
What drove it to this new ATH? Gold reached its new highest price the first day of the September US Federal Reserve meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee, at which an interest rate cut is widely expected.
On September 12, the prior trading day, the release of US consumer price index (CPI) data for August showed the overall inflation rose to 2.9 percent on an annual basis and 0.4 percent over July. Weak jobs data the week before further fueled expectations of a rate cut at the upcoming US Fed meeting.
Additionally, the US dollar index continued its largely downward trend that started in mid-January, falling to a year-to-date low 96.56 on September 16. Traditionally, gold often trades higher when the US dollar is weak, making gold a popular hedge investment.
While gold's fresh ATH came on September 15, on September 7 gold's record breaking run officially surpassed its inflation adjusted all-time high of US$850 per ounce set in January 1980 the week before.
It has set multiple news highs in the preceding weeks amid significant uncertainty in the US and global economies and surging gold ETF purchases.
One key driver came on August 29, when a US federal appeals court ruled that US President Donald Trump's "Liberation Day" tariffs, announced in April, are illegal, stating that only Congress has the power to enact widespread tariffs. The Trump administration is expected to appeal the ruling, which will go into effect on October 14.
Bond market turmoil in the US and abroad on September 2 also provided tailwinds for the gold price.
Gold price chart, December 31, 2024, to September 16, 2025.
Chart via the Investing News Network.
Gold's record-setting activity extends beyond the last two weeks as well.
Increased economic and geopolitical turmoil caused by the Trump administration has been a tailwind for gold this year, as well as a weakening US dollar, sticky inflation in the country and increased safe-haven gold demand.
Since coming into office in late January, Trump has threatened or enacted tariffs on many countries, including blanket tariffs on longtime US allies Canada and Mexico and tariffs on the EU.
Trump has also implemented 25 percent tariffs on all steel and aluminum imports.
The gold price set a string of new highs in the month of April amid high market volatility as markets reacted to tariff decisions from Trump and the escalating trade war between the US and China. By April 11, Trump had raised US tariffs on Chinese imports to 145 percent and China had raised its tariffs on US products to 125 percent. Trump has reiterated that the US may need to go through a period of economic pain to enter a new "golden age" of economic prosperity.
Falling markets and a declining US dollar have supported gold too, as well as increased buying from China. Elon Musk's call to audit the gold holdings in Fort Knox has also brought attention to the yellow metal.
Despite these recent runs, gold has seen its share of both peaks and troughs over the last decade. After remaining rangebound between US$1,100 and US$1,300 from 2014 to early 2019, gold pushed above US$1,500 in the second half of 2019 on a softer US dollar, rising geopolitical issues and a slowdown in economic growth.
Gold’s first breach of the significant US$2,000 price level in mid-2020 was due in large part to economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To break through that barrier and reach what was then a record high, the yellow metal added more than US$500, or 32 percent, to its value in the first eight months of 2020.
Gold price chart, September 14, 2020, to September 15, 2025.
Chart via the Investing News Network.
The gold price surpassed that level again in early 2022 as Russia's invasion of Ukraine collided with rising inflation around the world, increasing the allure of safe-haven assets and pulling the yellow metal up to a price of US$2,074.60 on March 8. However, it fell throughout the rest of 2022, dropping below US$1,650 in October.
Although it didn't quite reach the level of volatility as the previous year, the gold price experienced drastic price changes in 2023 on the back of banking instability, high interest rates and the breakout of war in the Middle East.
After central bank buying pushed the gold price up to the US$1,950.17 mark by the end of January, the Fed's 0.25 percent rate hike on February 1 sparked a retreat as the dollar and treasury yields saw gains. The precious metal went on to fall to its lowest price level of the year at US$1,809.87 on February 23.
The banking crisis that hit the US in early March caused a domino effect through the global financial system and led to the mid-March collapse of Credit Suisse, Switzerland’s second-largest bank. The gold price had jumped to US$1,989.13 by March 15. The continued fallout in the global banking system throughout the second quarter of the year allowed gold to break above US$2,000 on April 3, and go on to flirt with a near-record high of US$2,049.92 on May 3.
Those gains were tempered by the Fed’s ongoing rate hikes and improvements in the banking sector, resulting in a downward trend in the gold price throughout the remainder of the second quarter and throughout Q3. By October 4, gold had fallen to a low of US$1,820.01 and analysts expected the precious metal to drop below US$1,800.
That was before the October 7 attacks by Hamas on Israel ignited legitimate fears of a much larger conflict erupting in the Middle East. Reacting to those fears, and to rising expectations that the Fed would begin to reverse course on interest rates, gold broke through the important psychological level of US$2,000 and closed at US$2,007.08 on October 27. As the fighting intensified, gold reached a then-new high of US$2,152.30 in intraday trading on December 3.
That robust momentum in the spot gold price continued into 2024, chasing new highs on fears of a looming US recession, the promise of Fed rate cuts on the horizon, the worsening conflict in the Middle East and the tumultuous US presidential election year. By mid-March, gold was pushing up against the US$2,200 level.
That record-setting momentum continued into the second quarter of 2024, when gold broke through US$2,400 in mid-April on strong central bank buying, sovereign debt concerns in China and investors expecting the Fed to start cutting interest rates. The precious metal went on to hit US$2,450.05 on May 20.
Throughout the summer, the hits kept on coming.
The global macro environment was highly bullish for gold leading up to the US election. Following the failed assassination attempt on Trump and a statement about coming rate cuts by Fed Chair Jerome Powell, the gold spot price hit a then new all-time high on July 16 at US$2,469.30. One week later, news that then-President Joe Biden would not seek re-election and would instead pass the baton to Vice President Kamala Harris eased some of the tension in the stock market and strengthened the US dollar. This also pushed the price of gold down to US$2,387.99 on July 22, 2024.
However, the bullish factors supporting gold remained in play, and the spot price for gold went on to breach US$2,500 on August 2 that year on a less-than-stellar US jobs report; it closed just above the US$2,440 level. A few weeks later, gold pushed past US$2,500 once again on August 16, closing above that level for the first time ever after the US Department of Commerce released data showing a fifth consecutive monthly decrease in a row for homebuilding.
The news that the Chinese government issued new gold import quotas to banks in the country following a two month pause also helped fuel the gold price rally. Central bank gold buying has been a significant tailwind for the gold price this year, and China's central bank has been one of the strongest buyers.
Market watchers expected the Fed to cut interest rates by a quarter point at its September 2024 meeting, but news on September 12 that the regulators were still deciding between the expected cut or a larger half-point cut led the gold price on a rally that carried through into the next day, bringing the metal near US$2,600.
At the September 18 Fed meeting, the committee ultimately made the decision to cut rates by half a point, news that sent gold even higher. By September 20, it had moved above US$2,600 and was holding above US$2,620.
In October 2024, gold first breached the US$2,700 level and continued to higher on a variety of factors, including further rate cuts and economic data anticipation, the escalating conflict in the Middle East between Israel and Hezbollah, and economic stimulus in China — not to mention the very close race between the US presidential candidates.
While the gold price fell following Trump's win in early November and largely held under US$2,700 through the end of the year, it began trending upward in 2025 to the new all-time high discussed earlier in the article.
What's next for the gold price is never an easy call to make. There are many factors to consider, but some of the most prevalent long-term drivers include economic expansion, market risk, opportunity cost and momentum.
Economic expansion is one of the primary gold price contributors as it facilitates demand growth in several categories, including jewelry, technology and investment. As the World Gold Council explains, “This is particularly true in developing economies where gold is often used as a luxury item and a means to preserve wealth.”
Market risk is also a prime catalyst for gold values as investors view the precious metal as the “ultimate safe haven,” and a hedge against currency depreciation, inflation and other systemic risks.
Going forward, in addition to the Fed, inflation and geopolitical events, experts will be looking for cues from factors like supply and demand. In terms of supply, the world’s five top gold producers are China, Australia, Russia, Canada and the US. The consensus in the gold market is that major miners have not spent enough on gold exploration in recent years. Gold mine production has fallen from around 3,200 to 3,300 metric tons (MT) each year between 2018 and 2020 to around 3,000 to 3,100 MT each year between 2021 and 2023.
On the demand side, China and India are the biggest buyers of physical gold, and are in a perpetual fight for the title of world’s largest gold consumer. That said, it's worth noting that the last few years have brought a big rebound in central bank gold buying, which dropped to a record low in 2020, but reached a 55 year high of 1,136 MT in 2022.
World Gold Council data shows 2024 central bank gold purchases came to 1,044.6 MT, marking the third year in a row above 1,000 MT. In H1 2025, the organization says gold purchases from central banks reached 415.1 MT.
“I expect the Fed’s rate-cutting cycle to be good for gold, but central bank buying has been and remains a major factor," Lobo Tiggre, CEO of IndependentSpeculator.com, told the Investing News Network (INN) at the start of Q4 2024.
David Barrett, CEO of the UK division of global brokerage firm EBC Financial Group, is also keeping an eye on central bank purchases of gold. “I still see the global central bank buying as the main driver — as it has been over the last 15 years,” the expert said in an email to INN. "This demand removes supply from the market. They are the ultimate buy-and-hold participants and they have been buying massive amounts."
In addition to central bank moves, analysts are also watching escalating tensions in the Middle East, a weakening US dollar, declining bond yields and further interest rate cuts as factors that could push gold higher as investors look to secure their portfolios. “When it comes to outside factors that affect the market, it’s just tailwind after tailwind after tailwind. So I don’t really see the trend changing,” said Eric Coffin of Hard Rock Analyst.
Randy Smallwood of Wheaton Precious Metals (TSX:WPM,NYSE:WPM) told INN in March 2025 that gold is seeing support from many factors, including central bank buying, nervousness around the US dollar and stronger institutional interest. Smallwood is seeing an influx of fund managers wanting to learn about precious metals.
Joe Cavatoni, senior market strategist, Americas, at the World Gold Council, believes that market risk and uncertainty surrounding tariffs and continued demand from central banks are the main drivers of gold.
"Market risk in particular is a key strategic driver for the gold price and performance," Cavatoni told INN in a July 2025 interview. "Think strategically when you think about gold, and keep that allocation in mind."
Check out more of INN's interviews to find out what experts have said about the gold price during its 2025 bull run and where it could go next.
It’s important for investors to be aware that gold price manipulation is a hot topic in the industry.
In 2011, when gold hit what was then a record high, it dropped swiftly in just a few short years. This decline after three years of impressive gains led many in the gold sector to cry foul and point to manipulation.
Early in 2015, 10 banks were hit in a US probe on precious metals manipulation.
Evidence provided by Deutsche Bank (NYSE:DB) showed “smoking gun” proof that UBS Group (NYSE:UBS), HSBC Holdings (NYSE:HSBC), the Bank of Nova Scotia (TSX:BNS,NYSE:BNS and other firms were involved in rigging gold and silver rates in the market from 2007 to 2013. Not long after, the long-running London gold fix was replaced by the LBMA gold price in a bid to increase gold price transparency. The twice-a-day process, operated by the ICE Benchmark Administration, still involves a variety of banks collaborating to set the gold price, but the system is now electronic.
Still, manipulation has by no means been eradicated, as a 2020 fine on JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE:JPM) shows. The next year, chat logs were released in a spoofing trial for two former precious metals traders from the Bank of America's (NYSE:BAC) Merrill Lynch unit. They show a trader bragging about how easy it is to manipulate the gold price.
Gold market participants have consistently spoken out about manipulation. In mid-2020, Chris Marcus, founder of Arcadia Economics and author of the book “The Big Silver Short,” said that when gold fell back below the US$2,000 mark after hitting close to US$2,070, he saw similarities to what happened with the gold price in 2011.
Marcus has been following the gold and silver markets with a focus specifically on price manipulation for nearly a decade. His advice? “Trust your gut. I believe we’re witnessing the ultimate ’emperor’s really naked’ moment. This isn’t complex financial analysis. Sometimes I think of it as the greatest hypnotic thought experiment in history.”
While we have the answer to what the highest gold price ever is as of now, it remains to be seen how high gold can climb, and if the precious metal can reach as high as US$5,000, US$10,000 or even US$40,000.
Even so, many market participants believe gold is a must have in any investment profile, and there is little doubt investors will continue to see gold price action making headlines this year and beyond.
This is an updated version of an article first published by the Investing News Network in 2020.
Don’t forget to follow us @INN_Resource for real-time updates!
Securities Disclosure: I, Lauren Kelly, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.
Editorial Disclosure: The Investing News Network does not guarantee the accuracy or thoroughness of the information reported in the interviews it conducts. The opinions expressed in these interviews do not reflect the opinions of the Investing News Network and do not constitute investment advice. All readers are encouraged to perform their own due diligence.
Founded in 2009 and listed in 2011, Angkor Resources (TSXV:ANK,OTCQB:ANKOF) has developed a dual focus on energy and minerals across Asia and North America.
Angkor Resources is advancing a dual-track strategy across energy and minerals. In Canada, its subsidiary EnerCam Exploration generates revenue from oil production, water disposal, and gas processing, while also pioneering carbon capture and conversion solutions.
In Cambodia, subsidiary EnerCam Resources is driving the nation’s first-ever onshore oil and gas exploration on Block VIII, positioning the company for transformational growth. On the mineral side, Angkor is a first-mover in Cambodia’s underexplored belts, with licenses at Andong Meas and Andong Bor targeting both precious and base metals, where exploration has already confirmed copper porphyry systems and high-grade gold mineralization.
Angkor mitigates risk by diversifying revenue, combining recurring Canadian cash flow with high-impact exploration in Cambodia, where management prioritizes hydrocarbons and copper, highlighting 25 million recoverable barrels and significant copper-gold potential.
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