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Atlantic Lithium
Overview
Atlantic Lithium Limited (AIM: ALL, ASX: A11,GSE: ALLGH, OTCQX:ALLIF) is an African-focused lithium exploration and development company advancing its flagship Ewoyaa Lithium project through to production as Ghana’s first lithium mine. Despite its long mining history, favourable regulatory climate and stable political backdrop, Ghana remains largely overlooked as an investment jurisdiction for battery metals. Situated on the West African coast, the country boasts a strong strategic location, between Europe, the Americas and Asia, to serve the global battery metals market. Ghana is also home to an abundance of mineral wealth, with c. 180,000 tonnes of estimated lithium resources.
Atlantic Lithium intends to produce spodumene concentrate capable of conversion to lithium hydroxide and carbonate for use in electric vehicle batteries, helping drive the transition to decarbonisation.
A definitive feasibility study (DFS) released in June 2023 shows Ewoyaa has demonstrable economic viability, low capital intensity and excellent profitability. After drilling at the new Dog-Leg target, with high-grade assay results, the JORC mineral resource estimate at Ewoyaa now stands at 36.8 million tons (Mt) at 1.24 percent lithium oxide, 81 of which is now in the higher confidence measured and indicated categories (3.7 Mt at 1.37 percent in the measured category, 26.1 Mt at 1.24 percent in the indicated category, and 7 Mt @ 1.15 percent in the Inferred category).
Through simple open-pit mining, three-stage crushing and conventional Dense Media Separation (DMS) processing, the DFS (also considering the fiscal terms agreed upon the grant of the Mining Lease for the project in October 2023) outlines the production of 3.6 Mt of spodumene concentrate over a 12-year mine life, delivering US$6.6 billion life-of-mine revenues, a post-tax NPV8 of US$1.3 billion and an internal rate of return of 94 percent.
The project is expected to deliver nameplate production from its plant as early as 2026.
As of October 2024, Atlantic Lithium has secured all the regulatory approvals to take the company closer to mine construction at the Ewoyaa project, including a granted mining lease, the Environmental Protection Agency permit, introduction and commencement of trading on the Main Market of the Ghana Stock Exchange, and finally, the receipt of the mine operating permit.
The mining lease for the Ewoyaa project has been submitted to the Ghana parliament to undergo a ratification process.
Project Funding
The development of the project is co-funded under an agreement with NASDAQ and ASX-listed Piedmont Lithium (ASX:PLL), with Piedmont expected to fund c. 70 percent of the US$185 million total development expenditure indicated by the DFS.
In accordance with the agreement, Piedmont has completed funding of US$25 million towards studies and exploration, and will sole fund an initial US$70 million, plus 50 percent of costs thereafter (shared 50:50 between Atlantic Lithium and Piedmont), towards the total development expenditure for the project, as indicated by the DFS.
In return, Piedmont will receive 50 percent of the spodumene concentrate produced at Ewoyaa, providing a route to consumers through several major battery manufacturers, including Tesla.
The Minerals Income Investment Fund (MIIF), Ghana’s minerals sovereign wealth fund, has also agreed to invest a total of US$32.9 million in the company and at the project-level to expedite the development of the project.
Representing the first part of the Strategic Investment, MIIF completed a Subscription for US$5 million Atlantic Lithium shares in January 2024, to become a major strategic shareholder in the company.
Representing the second part of the Strategic Investment, MIIF has agreed to invest, subject to the company reaching a binding agreement with MIIF, US$27.9 million in the company's Ghanaian subsidiaries to acquire a 6 percent contributing interest in the project. The US$27.9 million project-level investment and the contributing interest are expected to take the form of funding for development, exploration and studies expenditure to support the advancement of the project.
In addition, Atlantic Lithium is in the final stages of a competitive offtake partnering process to secure funding for a portion of the remaining 50 percent available feedstock from Ewoyaa.
The objective of the process is to attract funding offers to sufficiently cover the Company's allocation of development expenditure for the Project, to expedite and de-risk the development of the Project, realise attractive terms for any offtake contracted and secure a well-credentialled partner that will support the company's and Ghana's objectives of supplying lithium into the global electric vehicle market.
The company has indicated its preferred terms of up to 500,000 tons of spodumene concentrate to be contracted over a 3- to 5-year period, using a favourable market-based pricing mechanism, for a consideration of up to US$100 million in the form of a pre-payment arrangement, which is expected to sufficiently cover the company’s allocation of development expenditure.
Ghana
Ghana is a well-established mining region with access to reliable, existing infrastructure and a significant mining workforce. There are currently 16 operating mines in the country.
Already the largest taxpayer and employer in Ghana’s Central Region, Atlantic Lithium is expected to provide direct employment to over 800 personnel at Ewoyaa and, through its community development fund, whereby 1 percent of profits will be allocated to local initiatives, will deliver long-lasting benefits to the region and Ghana.
Through its proven lithium discovery, exploration and evaluation methodologies, Atlantic Lithium has the potential to capitalise on its extensive exploration portfolio and deliver upon its objectives of becoming a leading producer of lithium in West Africa.
Company Highlights
- A lithium exploration and development company operating in West Africa, Atlantic Lithium is set to deliver its flagship Ewoyaa lithium project as Ghana’s first lithium-producing mine.
- The June 2023 definitive feasibility study for the project indicates the production of 3.6 Mt of spodumene concentrate over a 12-year mine life (steady state production of 365,000 tonnes per annum), making it one of the largest mines by production capacity globally.
- The Ewoyaa project has an updated mineral resource estimate of 36.8 Mt at 1.24 percent lithium oxide.
- The DFS confirms Ewoyaa as one of the lowest capital and operating cost hard rock lithium projects globally, with strong commercial viability and exceptional profitability potential.
- The Ewoyaa lithium project was awarded a mining lease in October 2023, an EPA permit in September 2024, and a mine operating permit in October 2024. The project is co-funded under an agreement with Piedmont Lithium. The Ghana Environmental Protection Agency granted the EPA permit
- Atlantic Lithium holds a portfolio of lithium projects within 509 sq km and 774 sq km of granted and under-application tenure across Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire respectively.
Key Assets
Ewoyaa
Atlantic Lithium's flagship Ewoyaa lithium project is situated within 110 kilometres of Takoradi Port and 100 kilometres of Accra, with access to excellent infrastructure and a skilled local workforce.
Atlantic Lithium has been granted a mining lease, an EPA permit and a mine operating permit in respect of the project in October 2023, September 2024 and October 2024, respectively. The company is currently advancing the project towards production.
Highlights:
- Promising DFS Results: Atlantic Lithium's DFS reaffirmed Ewoyaa as an industry-leading asset with low capital intensity and excellent profitability. Highlights include:
- Estimated 12-year life of mine, producing 3.6 Mt spodumene concentrate.
- 365 ktpa steady state production
- Average LOM EBITDA of US$316 million per annum
- NPV of US$1.3 billion
- Life-of-mine revenues of US$6.6 billion
- Modest $185 million development expenditure
- Robust US$675/t All in sustaining cost and US$377 C1 cash cost.
- Favourable Location: The project's starter pits are positioned within one kilometre of its processing plant. Additionally, Ewoyaa has access to reliable existing infrastructure, located within 800 metres from the N1 highway and adjacent to grid power.
- Promising Reserves: Ewoyaa's current mineral resource estimate (as of July 2024) at is 36.8 Mt at 1.24 percent lithium oxide, of which 81 percent is now in the higher confidence measured and indicated categories (3.7 Mt at 1.37 percent lithium oxide in the measured category, and 26.1 Mt at 1.24 percent lithium oxide in the indicated category, and 7 Mt @ 1.15 percent lithium in the inferred category).
- Potential for Further Exploration: There remains significant exploration potential, with only 1 percent of Atlantic Lithium's total tenure having been drilled to date.
- Strong Partnerships: Atlantic Lithium has a 50-percent offtake deal with Piedmont Lithium, which itself has offtake agreements with both Tesla and LG Chem, and has an agreed with Ghana’s Minerals Income Investment Fund to expedite the development of the Project.
- Positive Presence: Atlantic Lithium will generate significant economic benefits for the region. Once operational, the project is expected to employ over 800 personnel and deliver approximately US$4.9 billion in value to Ghana, including through taxes, royalties, employment and local procurement.
Côte d'Ivoire
Atlantic Lithium currently has two applications pending for an area of roughly 774 square kilometres in the West African country of Côte d'Ivoire. The underexplored yet highly prospective region is known to be underlain by prolific birimian greenstone belts, characterised by fractionated granitic intrusive centres with lithium and colombite-tantalum occurrences and outcropping pegmatites. The area is also incredibly well-served, with extensive road infrastructure, well-established cellular network and high-voltage transmission line within 100 kilometres of the country's economic capital, Abidjan.
Management Team
Neil Herbert - Executive Chairman
Neil Herbert is a fellow of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants and has over 30 years of experience in finance. He has been involved in growing mining and oil and gas companies, both as an executive and as an investor, for over 25 years.
Until May 2013, he was co-chairman and managing director of AIM-quoted Polo Resources, a natural resources investment company. Prior to this, Herbert was a director of resource investment company Galahad Gold, after which he became finance director of its most successful investment, the start-up uranium company UraMin, from 2005 to 2007. During this period, he worked to float the company on AIM and the Toronto Stock Exchange in 2006, raise US$400 million in equity financing and negotiate the sale of the group for US$2.5 billion.
Herbert has held board positions at a number of resource companies where he has been involved in managing numerous acquisitions, disposals, stock market listings and fundraisings. He holds a joint honours degree in economics and economic history from the University of Leicester.
Keith Muller - Chief Executive Officer
Keith Muller is a mining engineer with over 20 years of operational and leadership experience across domestic and international mining, including in the lithium sector. He has a strong operational background in hard rock lithium mining and processing, particularly in DMS spodumene processing.
Before joining Atlantic Lithium, he held roles as both a business leader and general manager at Allkem, where he worked on the Mt Cattlin lithium mine in Western Australia and, prior to that, Muller served as operations manager and senior mining engineer at Simec.
Muller holds a Master of Mining Engineering from the University of New South Wales and a Bachelor of Engineering from the University of Pretoria. He is also a member of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, the Board of Professional Engineers of Queensland, and the Engineering Council of South Africa.
Amanda Harsas - Finance Director and Company Secretary
Amanda Harsas is a senior finance executive with a demonstrable track record and over 25 years’ experience in strategic finance, business transformation, commercial finance, customer and supplier negotiations and capital management. Prior to joining Atlantic Lithium, she worked in several sectors, including healthcare, insurance, retail and professional services, across Asia, Europe and the U.S. Harsas holds a Bachelor of Business from the University of Technology, Sydney and is a member of Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand and the Australian Institute of Company Directors.
Kieran Daly - Non-executive Director
Kieran Daly is the executive of Growth and Strategic Development at Assore. He holds a BSc Mining Engineering from Camborne School of Mines (1991) and an MBA from Wits Business School (2001) and worked in investment banking/equity research for more than 10 years at UBS, Macquarie and Investec, prior to joining Assore in 2018.
Daly spent the first 15 years of his mining career at Anglo American’s coal division (Anglo Coal) in a number of international roles including operations, sales and marketing, strategy and business development. Among his key roles were leading and developing Anglo Coal's marketing efforts in Asia and to steel industry customers globally. He was also the Global Head of Strategy for Anglo Coal immediately prior to leaving Anglo in 2007.
Christelle Van Der Merwe - Non-executive Director
Christelle Van Der Merwe is a mining geologist responsible for the mining-related geology and resources of Assore’s subsidiary companies (comprising the pyrophyllite and chromite mines) and is also concerned with the company's iron and manganese mines. She has been the Assore group geologist since 2013 and is involved with the strategic and resource investment decisions of the company. Van Der Merwe is a member of SACNASP and the GSSA.
Edward Nana Yaw Koranteng - Non-executive Director
Edward Koranteng is a lawyer and an experienced corporate and investment banker with over 23 years of experience. He has served as the chief executive officer of the Minerals Income Investment Fund (MIIF), Ghana’s sovereign minerals wealth fund, since 2021.
Prior to joining MIIF, Koranteng held the role of Business Head for East, Central and Southern Africa for Ghana International Bank plc ("GHIB"), where he was responsible for GHIB's energy and mining portfolio. He also worked with the Chase Bank Group (Kenya), now SBM Bank of Mauritius, as group head for energy, oil, gas and mining. Koranteng currently sits on the boards of Asante Gold Corporation, MIIF and Glico General Insurance Ltd.
Koranteng holds a BA (Hons) from the University of Ghana, a Master of Laws in International Banking and Finance from the University of Leeds in the UK, a Postgraduate Diploma from BPP Law School in the UK and the Ghana School of Law. He has practiced as a barrister in both the UK and Ghana and holds various executive and postgraduate certifications, including in oil, gas and mining from the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford in the UK.
Jonathan Henry - Independent Non-executive Director
Jonathan Henry is an experienced Non-Executive Director, having held various leadership and board roles for nearly two decades. Henry has significant expertise working across capital markets, business development, project financing, key stakeholder engagement, and the reporting and implementation of ESG-focused initiatives. Henry has a wealth of experience projects towards production and commercialisation to deliver shareholder value.
Henry also serves as non-executive chair of Toronto Venture Exchange-listed (TSX-V) Giyani Metals Corporation, a battery development company advancing its portfolio of manganese oxide projects in Botswana, having previously held the role of executive chair. His previous roles include as executive chair and non-executive director at Ormonde Mining plc, non-executive director at Ashanti Gold Corporation, president, director and chief executive officer at Gabriel Resources Limited and various roles, including chief executive officer and managing director, at Avocet Mining PLC. He holds a BA (Hons) in Natural Sciences from Trinity College, Dublin.
Michael Bourguignon – Head of Capital Projects
Michael Bourguignon is a distinguished project management professional with a rich history of leading significant initiatives in the mining and energy sectors. Most recently, he served as the COO at Evolution Energy Minerals in Tanzania, where he managed the optimisation and update of the Definitive Feasibility Study, managed the Front-End Engineering Design package, and oversaw the completion of the Relocation Action Plan and other community-related works.
Prior to this, Bourguignon worked with Rio Tinto in Australia as a consulting construction manager, as well as Glencore’s Mopani Copper Mines in Zambia, where he was the project director for the Mopani Synclinorium Concentrator, and Syrah’s Balama Graphite Mine in Mozambique, where he was project director. He has also previously worked in Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire with Perseus Mining.
Bourguignon holds an MBA from Murdoch University and is a member of the Australian Institute of Project Management.
Andrew Henry – General Manager, Commercial and Finance
Andrew Henry is an accomplished General Manager with over a decade’s experience in the operational mining sector, specialising in strategy, planning and analysis, contracts, large-scale project development and site operations.
Before joining Atlantic Lithium, Henry held the role of commercial manager at global lithium chemicals company Allkem and, prior to that, he spent over four years with major gold mining company Newcrest Mining.
Henry holds a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of South Australia and is a member of CPA Australia.
Ahmed-Salim Adam – General Manager, Operations
Ahmed-Salim Adam is an experienced mining general manager with over 15 years of experience leading various large-scale projects in Ghana across all stages of mine development, production, and closure, with a focus on safety and sustainability.
Adam has previously held a number of leadership roles, including as senior consultant of Metallurgy at GEOMAN Consult Ltd, as a director for FGR Bogoso Prestea Ltd’s Refractory Project and as general manager at Golden Star Resources Ltd.
He holds a MPhil Minerals Engineering and a Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Mineral Engineering, both from the University of Mines and Technology, Ghana. He is also a member of The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) in the United Kingdom and the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM) in Australia.
Simone Horsfall - General Manager, People
Simone Horsfall joins Atlantic Lithium as General Manager, People with over 25 years of experience working across a broad range of industries, with a focus on the mining sector. Previously, Horsfall spent over a decade at AngloGold Ashanti Australia as human resources manager and, more recently, at 29Metals as group manager of human resources.
Horsfall holds a diploma in Human Resource Management, a university certificate in Psychology from Edith Cowan University, Sydney, and a post-graduate diploma in Human Resources from Deakin University.
Belinda Gethin – General Manager, Corporate Finance and Company Secretary
Belinda assumed the role of general manager, corporate - finance and company secretary in January 2024, having initially joined the company as financial reporting manager in June 2023. To her role at Atlantic Lithium, Gethin brings a wealth of experience in all aspects of statutory, financial and corporate reporting, including the preparation of financial statements and accounting for complex transactions. Before joining Atlantic Lithium, Gethin worked as the chief financial officer for Lumus Imaging and, prior to that, as the group reporting manager at Healius. Gethin is a chartered accountant and holds a Bachelor of Commerce from UNSW in Sydney, Australia.
Iwan Williams – General Manager, Exploration
Iwan Williams is an exploration geologist with over 20 years' experience across a broad range of commodities, principally iron ore, manganese, gold, copper (porphyry and sed. hosted), PGE's, nickel and other base metals, as well as chromitite, phosphates, coal and diamond.
Williams has extensive southern and west African experience and has worked in Central and South America. His experience includes all aspects of exploration management, project generation, opportunity reviews, due diligence and mine geology. He has extensive studies experience having participated in the delivery of multiple project studies including resource, mine design criteria, baseline environmental and social studies and metallurgical test-work programmes. He is very familiar with working in Africa having spent 23 years of his 28-year geological career in Africa. Williams is a graduate of the University of Liverpool.
Abdul Razak – Exploration Manager, Ghana
Abdul Razak has extensive exploration, resource evaluation and project management experience throughout West Africa with a strong focus on data-rich environments. He has extensive gold experience having worked throughout Ghana with AngloGold Ashanti, Goldfields Ghana, Perseus and Golden Star, as well as international exploration and resource evaluation experience in Burkina Faso, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Guinea.
Razak is an integral member of the team, managing all site activities including drilling, laboratory, local teams, geotech and hydro, community consultations and stakeholder engagements and was instrumental in establishment of the current development team and defining Ghana’s maiden lithium resource estimate.
Laguna Verde Resource Update
CleanTech Lithium PLC ("CleanTech Lithium" or "CleanTech" or the "Company") (AIM: CTL, Frankfurt:T2N), an exploration and development company advancing sustainable lithium projects in Chile, announces an updated resource estimate for its Laguna Verde project that has been included by the Chile Government as one of the six salar systems to be prioritised for development.
Highlights:
- The mineral resource estimate is updated from that reported in the RNS of 17 July 2023 based on additional exploration and pumping tests conducted in 2024
- The JORC (2012) compliant estimate was calculated by Montgomery & Associates ("Montgomery´"), a leading hydrogeological consultant highly experienced in lithium brine resource estimation
- The total updated resource is 1.63 million tonnes of Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE), at a grade of 175 milligrams per litre (mg/l) lithium, of which 0.81 million tonnes is in the Measured + Indicated category at a grade of 178 mg/l lithium
- This current resource estimate is based on the proposed polygon area included in the Company´s recently submitted application for a Special Operating Contract for Lithium ("CEOL")
- The previous 2023 estimate which totalled 1.77 million tonnes LCE at an average grade of 200mg/l lithium was based on the previously proposed CEOL area under the old application regime that was larger covering the entire estimated resource of the basin.
- Lithium concentrations obtained in the 2024 campaign were below the average grade of other exploration wells impacting the average lithium grade of the resource
- Montgomery recommends three additional drillholes in the southwest, north and northeast to potentially increase the resource based on completed geophysics
- This updated measured and indicated resource estimate will be used in the pre-feasibility study (PFS) which is intended to underpin a maiden reserve estimate for the Laguna Verde project
Steve Kesler, Executive Chairman, CleanTech Lithium said: "The updated JORC-compliant resource estimate for the Laguna Verde project, independently determined by Montgomery & Associates, confirms a robust and significant resource of 1.63 million tonnes of Lithium Carbonate Equivalent (LCE), with 0.81 million tonnes in the Measured and Indicated category at an average grade of 178 mg/l lithium. Now with greater confidence in the resource, this comprehensive evaluation will form the basis for the Pre-Feasibility Study, scheduled for end of this quarter. This positions Laguna Verde as a highly promising direct lithium extraction (DLE) based project in the lithium brine sector and as a contributor to Chile's future as a leading lithium producer for the global EV and battery market."
Further Details:
Project Background
The Laguna Verde corresponds to a lithium brine deposit which is found in the Atacama Region of Chile, near the Chile - Argentina border. The project consists of mining concessions located approximately 192 kilometres (km) northeast of Copiapó. The concession area is readily accessible via a network of paved roads from the closest major city Copiapó, following the route (R-31) for approximately 275 km. The Laguna Verde Basin has elevations that vary between 4,330 to 4,500 metres above sea level (masl), where the low altitude valley area is approximately 20 km long and 4 km wide.
Figure 1: Regional Location Map and Project Area
The previous resource estimate for Laguna Verde was reported in July 2023, based on five wells completed in 2022 and 2023. A drill programme was undertaken in 1H 2024 which completed two infill wells in the first half of 2024 along with three observation wells drilled to support observations during pumping tests. The location of wells completed from 2022 - 2024 are shown in Figure 2, along with three recommended wells to potentially increase the resource.
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Figure 2: Existing and Recommended Exploration Wells at Laguna Verde
Resource Summary
Montgomery was engaged to support the 2024 field programme at Laguna Verde and based on the information obtained to provide an updated resource estimate and technical report for the project. The technical report has been prepared to conform to the regulatory requirements of the JORC Code (2012). Mineral Resources are also reported in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) Best Practice Guidelines (CIM, 2012).
The breakdown of the resource categories comprising the total resource estimate and the comparison with the previous 2023 estimate is shown below in Table 1. The previous 2023 estimate which totalled 1.77 million tonnes LCE at an average grade of 200 mg/l Lithium was based on a proposed CEOL area that was larger and covered the entire estimated resource of the basin, whereas the updated 2025 estimate is based on the Company's preferential licences and proposed polygon area included in the Company´s recently submitted application for a CEOL. As a comparison, the current resource estimate for the basin (on the same basis of larger CEOL area) would be 1.95 million tonnes LCE.
Lithium concentrations obtained in the 2024 campaign were below the average grade of other exploration wells impacting the average lithium grade. Although slightly lower than the lithium grade used in the 2023 scoping study a grade of 175 mg/l lithium is very suitable for the DLE process and is well above the cut-off grade of 100 mg/l lithium.
Table 1: Updated JORC Resource Estimate 2025 Compared to 2023 Resource Estimate
Special Operating Contract for Lithium (CEOL)
In April 2024 the Chilean government announced, as part of its National Lithium strategy, the intention to make available to the private sector CEOLs over 26 salt flats. As of September 2024, the Chilean government has prioritised six salt flats for the CEOL award process, one of which is Laguna Verde. The CEOL grants exclusive rights to exploit lithium and only one CEOL is to be granted per saline system. The Government also published a polygon CEOL area for each of the prioritised salt flats but clarified that this polygon area is referential and could be modified following community dialogue and with agreement of the applicant. The Government also announced that the CEOL could be awarded in a streamlined procedure that allowed direct negotiation with Government rather than through a public tender provided that a number of criteria were met. One criteria was that the applicant must demonstrate that it holds at least 80% of the preferential mining licences in the CEOL polygon.
CleanTech Lithium has proposed a modification to the published CEOL polygon in its CEOL application (shown in Figure 3) which has been developed to ensure that over 80% of the proposed CEOL polygon area is preferential mining licenses held by CleanTech. The CEOL application by CleanTech includes letters of support from indigenous communities for the proposed modified CEOL polygon.
Figure. 3: CleanTech´s Preferential Licences and Proposed CEOL Extent
Table 2 provides a breakdown of the current Laguna Verde resource estimate by resource category and by separating the resource attributable to the preferential licences held by the Company, and the provisional resources in licences held by third parties within the proposed CEOL area. The combined resource would be attributable to the Company provided the CEOL is awarded to CleanTech for the proposed area (Figure 3).
Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and do not have demonstrated economic viability. Furthermore, not all mineral resources can be converted into mineral reserves after application of the modifying factors, which include but are not limited to mining, processing, economic, and environmental factors.
Table 2: Mineral Resource Estimate for the Laguna Verde Project (Effective January 3, 2025)
Resource Estimation Method
The updated resource estimate consists of Measured, Indicated and Inferred resources. A detailed geological and resource block model was creating in Leapfrog (Seequent, 2023) using obtained well lithologies, discrete-depth values for brine chemistry, drainable porosity values, and geophysical profiles. Lithium concentrations were interpolated using ordinary kriging, specific yield was assigned to each hydrogeological unit, and the mass calculations within the resource block model were undertaken using the Leapfrog Edge extension. A cut-off grade of 100mg/l lithium was conservatively applied based on the Laguna Verde scoping study capital and operating costs.
Consistent with the Houston et al. (2011) recommendations for immature salars, a 1.25 km radius circle around the well was used to estimate a Measured resource, a 2.5 km radius circle around the well was used to estimate an Indicated resource, while a maximum 5 km radius circle was used as the areal extent to estimate an Inferred resource. Depending on the confidence in the sampling procedures and presence of volcanic outcrops, some resource polygons were limited in extent.
Surface Rights
In Chile, Surface Access Rights should be granted or imposed on a mining concession before the extraction starts. CleanTech Surface Access Rights request was received by Bienes Nacionales on June 16, 2023, in the name of Atacama Salt Lakes SpA and is currently in process. The requested area totals 11,136 hectares and covers the project scoping study planned installations (Ad Infinitum, December, 2022). The requested area can be seen in Figure 4.
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Figure 4. CleanTech's Requested Surface Right Area
Water Rights
There are surface water courses that contribute to the Laguna Verde. The Peñas Blanca River flows from west to east and has a continuous flow throughout the year, while to the east of the Laguna Verde, there are intermittent surface water flows. Freshwater exploration wells also exist in the western portion of the basin with demonstrated pumping rates that exceed 40 L/s (Hydro Exploraciones, 2020). Furthermore, a conceptual water balance of the basin recharge has been prepared and indicates that the average estimated freshwater recharge in the Laguna Verde Basin corresponds to 570 l/s (M&A, 2024a). Potential sources of freshwater for the Project include the application for groundwater rights in the basin or the purchase of water rights from third parties (CleanTech, 2024).
Geological Setting
The regional geology of the Project area is mainly characterised by volcanic and sedimentary sequences. Laguna Verde is an immature clastic salar basin, with the lagoon effectively corresponding to the evaporative "salar nucleus". The Project consists of a lithium-rich aquifer found below the lagoon and in the surrounding sediments. The brine is mainly hosted in volcaniclastic sediments and tuff beneath the lagoon with a moderate hydraulic conductivity.
The Laguna Verde stratigraphy is characterised by a band of tuffs with different grain sizes, consolidation / welding, type of clasts, and locally interbedded volcaniclastic sediments. This unit presents an average thickness of 400 metres and overlays the lower volcanic rock (mainly andesite) identified in drillholes and the gravity survey, which has some fracturing and a low drainable porosity. Furthermore, a fault zone which has highly fractured and brecciated rock was encountered along the southern portion of Laguna Verde. In all, the brine aquifer was characterised up to a maximum depth of 650 metres (LV07).
Figure 5 shows the locations for two NW-SE hydrogeological cross sections, and Figure 6 shows the sections with the hydrogeological units modelled in the Leapfrog software.
Figure 5: Hydrogeological Cross Section Locations
Figure 6: Hydrogeological Cross Sections
Exploration
CleanTech engaged Geodatos to conduct Transient ElectroMagnetic (TEM) geophysical surveys at Laguna Verde during the periods April to May 2021 and again in March 2022. The objective of these surveys was to determine the electrical properties of the subsurface sediments to provide information about the stratigraphy and water quality of the hydrogeologic units in the area. The surveys also helped determine the water table level and helped confirm the presence of brine.
A gravity survey was performed by Geodatos between the end of December 2022 and early January 2023. The survey campaign included TEM measurements and two extra profiles. One hundred and eleven (111) gravity stations, arranged in four lines surrounding the lagoon area, as well as fourteen (14) TEM stations, arranged in two lines, were surveyed with a 400-metre separation.
Figure 7: Laguna Verde Surveyed Gravity and TEM Stations
Drilling
An initial drilling campaign was conducted in 2022 and 2023 with four diamond drill holes (DDH) (LV01, LV02, LV03 and LV04) and two rotary wells (LV05 and LV06) as shown in Figure 2. A second campaign was conducted in 2024, with Montgomery personnel, where two exploration boreholes were drilled (LV07 and LV11) with monitoring wells for subsequent pumping tests at LV05 and LV06. Drilling at boreholes LV07 and LV11 reached a final depth of 650 metres below land surface (mbls) and 412.8 mbls, respectively. A pumping test at LV05 was initially conducted in the first campaign and included a pre-test and a 48-hour constant discharge test on April 8, 2023. During the 2024 campaign, a step-discharge and a constant-discharge were conducted at LV05, but due to adverse weather conditions, a long-term constant rate test could not be completed. During the first campaign, a pre-test and a constant discharge test were conducted at LV06 and a long-term (7-day) constant rate test was conducted during the 2024 campaign.
Table 3: Location and Depth Drilled for Years 2022, 2023 and 2024 Exploration Wells
Well | Drilling Method | Northing | Easting | Total Depth Drilled (m) | Year Drilled |
LV01 | DDH | 7,027,088 | 549,432 | 474 | 2021-2022 |
LV02 | DDH | 7,024,396 | 553,992 | 339 | 2022 |
LV03 | DDH | 7,028,434 | 549,980 | 547.5* | 2022 |
LV04 | DDH | 7,024,390 | 556,826 | 311 | 2022 |
LV05 | Rotary | 7,027,908 | 550,972 | 434.6 | 2022-2023 |
LV06 | Rotary | 7,026,004 | 555,912 | 405 | 2023 |
LVM05a | DDH | 7,027,908 | 550,921 | 221.50 | 2024 |
LVM05b | DDH | 7,027,951 | 550,946 | 41.5 | 2024 |
LVM06c | DDH | 7,026,032 | 555,959 | 40 | 2024 |
LV07 | DDH | 7,025,296 | 552,561 | 650 | 2024 |
LV11 | DDH | 7,024,793 | 555,582 | 412.8 | 2024 |
*LV03 was drilled as an angled borehole with an azimuth of 120 degrees and dip of 60 degrees.
Figure 8: Drilling at LV07 in 1H 2024
Brine Sampling Collection and Analysis
Various methods were used to obtain brine samples during and after the exploration drilling program:
- Packer sampling
- Airlift sampling
- Double-valved disposable bailer sampling
- Double-valved electric bailer sampling
- Hydra-sleeve sampling
- Brine sampling during pumping tests
The brine sampling program included standard quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) elements such as including duplicate brine and blank samples in bine sample batches sent to the laboratory. Formal traffic reports and chain of custody documents were prepared for every sample obtained and submitted for laboratory analysis. In the opinion of the Competent Person (CP), sample preparation, security, and analytical procedures were acceptable for this stage of the Project and results from the laboratory analyses are considered adequate.
Drill Core Sampling and Specific Yield Estimation
During the first campaign, core samples were obtained every 10 metres from the four drillholes and a total of 122 core samples were obtained at each drillhole and submitted to the DBS&A Laboratory in New Mexico, USA for Relative Brine Release Capacity (RBRC) tests. During the second campaign (2024), 33 core samples were obtained from LV07 and LV11 and were sent to GeoSystem Analysis (GSA) laboratory in Tucson, USA, for analysis.
Figure 9: Example of Drill Core from Exploration Borehole LV11 (132 to 136m)
Laboratory values for drainable porosity were obtained from 145 successfully analysed core samples. Core samples underwent Relative Brine Release Capacity (RBRC) tests. The drainable porosity (i.e., specific yield) measurement procedure involved saturating the core sample with a brine solution and placing them in test cells where a pressure differential was applied and the proportion of brine which can be drained was estimated. In the opinion of the CP, sample preparation, security, and analytical procedures were acceptable and results from the laboratory analyses are considered adequate for resource estimation. The 2023 resource estimate included drainable porosity measurements which were increased by a secondary porosity term calculated from rock quality designation logged during drilling. This current resource update uses drainable porosity measurements from the laboratory, without modification, which results in lower drainable porosities than used in the 2023 resource estimate.
The average drainable porosity values assigned to each hydrogeologic unit used to estimate the lithium resource are given in Table 3. Due to its smaller dataset, a simpler analysis was undertaken for drainable porosity to assign representative values by hydrogeological unit; constant (average) values were assigned to each hydrogeologic unit in the resource model, and drainable porosity values were not interpolated.
Table 3: Assigned Drainable Porosity Values for Laguna Verde Hydrogeological Units
Hydrogeological Unit | Average Drainable Porosity* | N° Samples |
Unconsolidated Tuff and Coarse Tuff | 6% | 102 |
Consolidated Ash Tuff | 3% | 14 |
Brecciated and Fractured Rock | 5% | 9 |
Lower Volcanic Rock | 1% | 5 |
Upper Alluvium and Colluvium | 10%** | 0 |
Surficial Volcanic Deposits | 3%*** | 0 |
* Rounded arithmetic average
** Assumed theoretical value
*** The drainable porosity of the consolidated ash tuff unit was assumed due to its lithological similarity. The number of blocks that correspond to the consolidated ash tuff within the resource block model are negligible compared to the rest of the hydrogeological units.
Recommendations
Currently, the drilling and testing of a reinjection well is planned for the first quarter of 2025. In terms of the resource, three additional diamond drillholes in the southwest, north, and northeast are recommended to potentially expand the resource volume (Figure 2; LV08, LV09, and LV10) based on the conducted geophysics. During the drilling of those three additional diamond drillholes, depth-specific brine and drainable porosity sampling are recommended with the corresponding QA/QC measures.
Block Model Results and Verification
Figure 10 presents the shallowest interpolated concentrations of the brine body which were mapped to the Leapfrog block model; as can be seen, grades are highest in the western portion of Laguna Verde, whereas the eastern portion represents a zone of heightened recharge with diluted grades. The bottom of the block model was limited to the deepest well (LV07), and the horizontal extent of the block model was limited to the CleanTech concessions and potential of the proposed CEOL area. Laboratory results for lithium concentrations from depth specific brine and pumping test samples collected from the wells were incorporated directly into the model. Ordinary Kriging was used for the interpolation of lithium concentrations within the block model.
Figure 10: Shallow Lithium Concentration Distribution and Proposed CEOL Outline
The resource block model was subsequently validated by visual inspection and comparison of the measured and block model concentrations. Swath plots were also utilized, which compare the average measured and interpolated values along distinct profiles of the block model.
Competent Persons Statement
The following professionals act as competent persons, as defined in the AIM Note for Mining, Oil and Gas Companies (June 2009) and JORC Code (2012):
Mr. Michael Rosko is a Registered Member of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, member #4064687. He graduated from the University of Illinois with a bachelor's degree in geosciences in 1983, and from the University of Arizona with a master's degree in geosciences in 1986. Mr. Rosko is a registered professional geologist in the states of Arizona (#25065), California (#5236), and Texas (#6359). Mr. Rosko has practiced his profession for 38 years and has been directly involved in design of numerous exploration and production well programs in salar basins in support of lithium exploration, and estimation of the lithium resources and reserves for many other lithium projects in Argentina and Chile.
Mr. Brandon Schneider is employed as a Senior Hydrogeologist at M&A. He graduated from California Lutheran University in 2011 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology (with Honors) and obtained a Master of Science in Geological Sciences (Hydrogeology focus) from the University of Notre Dame in 2013. He is a professional in the discipline of Hydrogeology and a Registered Professional Geologist in Arizona (#61267) and SME Registered Member (#4306449). He has practiced his profession continuously since 2013. His relevant experience includes: (i) from 2013 to 2016, consulting hydrogeologist specializing in hydrogeological characterizations, aquifer test analyses, groundwater modeling, and pumping well optimization for mining projects and sedimentary basins in Arizona, United States; (ii) since 2017, consulting hydrogeologist in Chile specializing in lithium brine projects in Argentina and Chile with experience in brine exploration, lithium brine resource and reserve estimates, resource and reserve reporting, variable density flow and transport modeling, and optimization of pumping.
For further information contact: | |
CleanTech Lithium PLC | |
Steve Kesler/Gordon Stein/Nick Baxter | Jersey office: +44 (0) 1534 668 321 Chile office: +56 9 312 00081 |
Or via Celicourt | |
Celicourt Communications Felicity Winkles/Philip Dennis/Ali AlQahtani | +44 (0) 20 7770 6424 |
Beaumont Cornish Limited (Nominated Adviser) Roland Cornish/Asia Szusciak | +44 (0) 20 7628 3396 |
Fox-Davies Capital Limited (Joint Broker) Daniel Fox-Davies | +44 (0) 20 3884 8450 |
Canaccord Genuity (Joint Broker) James Asensio | +44 (0) 20 7523 4680 |
Beaumont Cornish Limited ("Beaumont Cornish") is the Company's Nominated Adviser and is authorised and regulated by the FCA. Beaumont Cornish's responsibilities as the Company's Nominated Adviser, including a responsibility to advise and guide the Company on its responsibilities under the AIM Rules for Companies and AIM Rules for Nominated Advisers, are owed solely to the London Stock Exchange. Beaumont Cornish is not acting for and will not be responsible to any other persons for providing protections afforded to customers of Beaumont Cornish nor for advising them in relation to the proposed arrangements described in this announcement or any matter referred to in it.
Notes
CleanTech Lithium (AIM:CTL, Frankfurt:T2N, OTCQX:CTLHF) is an exploration and development company advancing lithium projects in Chile for the clean energy transition. Committed to net-zero, CleanTech Lithium's mission is to become a new supplier of battery grade lithium using Direct Lithium Extraction technology powered by renewable energy.
CleanTech Lithium has two key lithium projects in Chile, Laguna Verde and Viento Andino, and exploration stage projects in Llamara and Arenas Blancas (Salar de Atacama), located in the lithium triangle, a leading centre for battery grade lithium production. The two most advanced projects: Laguna Verde and Viento Andino are situated within basins controlled by the Company, which affords significant potential development and operational advantages. All four projects have good access to existing infrastructure.
CleanTech Lithium is committed to utilising Direct Lithium Extraction with reinjection of spent brine resulting in no aquifer depletion. Direct Lithium Extraction is a transformative technology which removes lithium from brine with higher recoveries, short development lead times and no extensive evaporation pond construction. www.ctlithium.com
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Lithium Discovery Extended with Exceptional 86.9-Metre Intercept at Red Mountain, USA
- 86.9m @ 1,470ppm Li / 0.78% Lithium Carbonate Equivalent1 (LCE) from 18.3m, including an internal high-grade zone grading 32.1m @ 2,050ppm Li / 1.09% LCE from 46.2m
Key Highlights
- Strong lithium mineralisation returned in assays for drill- hole RMDD002, which intersected:
- 86.9m @ 1,470ppm Li from 18.3m, including 32.1m of high-grade mineralisation @ 2,050ppm Li from 46.2m.
- RMDD002 marks the thickest intercept recorded to date at Red Mountain.
- Mineralisation successfully extended 375m north of previous northernmost intersections in holes RMRC002 & 003.
- Lithium mineralisation remains open down-dip to the east and along strike to the north.
- Outstanding results strenghten the foundation for a maiden Mineral Resource Estimate in 2025.
The identification of thick, lithium mineralisation in the northernmost drill-hole at Red Mountain highlights the immense scale of the project, with strong lithium mineralisation now intersected in all drill-holes now spanning a north-south strike extent of over 5km and surface sample geochemistry indicating further potential to the north, south and west of the current drilled extents7, 9 (Figure 4).
Of particular significance in hole RMDD002 is the presence of an internal 32.1m zone of very high-grade lithium mineralisation averaging 2,050ppm Li. The identification of substantially higher-grade lithium mineralisation in this hole, as well as that in the previously announced diamond drill hole RMDD001, indicates strong potential for further high-grade zones to be discovered at Red Mountain.
With all results for the recent diamond drilling now received, the Company is finalising geological mapping ahead of planning and permitting for the next round of drilling at the Project, which will be conducted at the earliest opportunity in the 2025 field season.
Astute Chairman, Tony Leibowitz, said:
“Like all great discoveries, Red Mountain continues to grow and improve the more we drill. The manifest scale and high tenor of mineralisation are testament to Red Mountain being one of the most important recent US lithium discoveries. This drill hole is the latest in a succession of thirteen, all of which intersected strong lithium mineralisation, establishing a solid foundation for a maiden mineral resource estimate to be advanced rapidly in 2025.”
Background
Located in central-eastern Nevada (Figure 5), the Red Mountain Project was staked by Astute in August 2023.
The Project area has broad mapped tertiary lacustrine (lake) sedimentary rocks known locally as the Horse Camp Formation2. Elsewhere in the state of Nevada, equivalent rocks host large lithium deposits (see Figure 5) such as Lithium Americas’ (NYSE: LAC) 62.1Mt LCE Thacker Pass Project3, American Battery Technology Corporation’s (OTCMKTS: ABML) 15.8Mt LCE Tonopah Flats deposit4 and American Lithium (TSX.V: LI) 9.79Mt LCE TLC Lithium Project5.
Astute has completed substantial surface sampling campaigns at Red Mountain, which indicate widespread lithium anomalism in soils and confirmed lithium mineralisation in bedrock with some exceptional grades of up to 4,150ppm Li2,8 (Figure 4).
The Company’s maiden drill campaign at Red Mountain comprised 11 RC drill holes for 1,518m over a 4.6km strike length. This campaign was highly successful with strong lithium mineralisation intersected in every hole drilled9. Two diamond drill holes have been drilled at the project.
Scoping leachability testwork on mineralised material from Red Mountain indicates high leachability of lithium of up to 98%, varying with temperature, acid strength and leaching duration10.
Other attractive Project characteristics include the presence of outcropping claystone host-rocks and close proximity to infrastructure, including the Project being immediately adjacent to the Grand Army of the Republic Highway (Route 6), which links the regional mining towns of Ely and Tonopah.
Results
Hole RMDD002 successfully intersected an 86.9m thick zone of lithium mineralised clay-bearing mudstone, sandstone, tuff and limestone, from 18.3m to 105.2m down-hole. The best grades were developed in the most clay-rich zones, which exhibit a desiccated and cracked appearance in drill core once dry (Figure 2). An internal very high-grade zone of 32.1m graded 2,050ppm Li, with a maximum single sample grade of 3,850ppm Li from 59.4-61.5m (195-201.7ft), which is the drill sample with the highest lithium grade achieved to date at the project.
Figure 1. RMDD002 interpretative cross section, lithium geochemistry and (50-110m off-section) rock chip samples
Interpretation
The two northernmost holes drilled as part of the maiden Red Mountain RC drilling campaign, RMRC002 and RMRC003, intersected thin zones of near-surface lithium mineralisation. It was interpreted at the time that these two holes ‘clipped’ the edge of a zone of lithium bearing clay-rich rocks that was likely to thicken towards the east (see ‘open’ arrow in Figure 3)9. RMDD002 was designed to test this interpretation and, in addition, extend the mineralisation 375m further north beneath an extrapolated zone of strong rock chip sample results (Figure 1).
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Greenland Tanbreez Project Maiden Drill Results
European Lithium Limited is pleased to announce that it has received the results for the first out of sixteen diamond drill holes from its confirmation drilling program at the Tanbreez Project in Greenland containing high-grade rare-earth and rare metal elements.
The drill program executed in September-October 2024 comprised sixteen holes with samples from the first hole having now been received back from the laboratory.
The Tanbreez mineralization is contained within a highly fractionated Zr-Nb-Ta- REE, including HREE, in the southern part of the Ilimaussaq intrusive complex in South Greenland. The Ilimaussaq intrusion is possibly the most differentiated deposit known globally to date, covering a potential area of approximately18 km long and 8 km wide, and of significant depth, that covers a portion of the Tanbreez tenement.
The commodities are hosted in the mineral eudialyte being concentrated in the kakortokite rock layer at the floor of the exposed intrusion. The kakortokite sequence is outcropping over an area of approximately 5.0 km by 2.5 km and has a total thickness of 270 m.
The assays from the first drill hole confirm a significant 40 m wide intersection from surface of high- grade rare-earth oxide averaging 4,722.51 ppm TREO (including 26.96% averaged heavy rare earth” HREO”), 1.82% ZrO2 “zircon oxide”, 130.92 ppm Ta2O “tantalum pentoxide”, 1852.22 ppm Nb2O5 “niobium pentoxide”, 393.68 ppm HfO2 “hafnium oxide” and 101.67 ppm Ga2O3 “gallium oxide” (See Appendix 1 Sample and assay sheet and Appendix 2 Drill hole collars)
Commenting on the assay results, Tony Sage, Executive Chairman of the Company, said:
”I am pleased to report the outstanding assay results from the first hole confirming the high-grade, high-tonnage and high-quality potential that Tanbreez brings to EUR and Critical Metals Corp. The company is pleased to announce that its first confirmation drill hole has yielded the high-grade percentage of light earth and heavy rare earth ratios with strong tantalum, niobium, and gallium results. We are excited by the scale of the thick source rock only 40 meters from the surface containing the mineralized high-grade intersection within the first drill hole”.
Figure 1: Exploration Drilling maps for the program 2024
Photo 1. Drill rig commences operations at the Tanbreez Project in Greenland.
About European Lithium
European Lithium Limited is an exploration and development stage mining company focused mainly on lithium in Austria, Ireland, Ukraine, and Australia.
European Lithium currently holds 66,416,641 (74.34%) ordinary shares in Critical Metals. Based on the closing share price of Critical Metals being US$8.50 per share as of 17 January 2025, the Company’s current investment in Critical Metals is valued at US$564,541,448 (A$908,911,732) noting that this valuation is subject to fluctuation in the share price of Critical Metals.
For more information, please visit https://europeanlithium.com.
This announcement has been approved for release on ASX by the Board of Directors.
About CRML
Critical Metals Corp. is a leading mining development company focused on critical metals and minerals, and producing strategic products essential to electrification and next generation technologies for Europe and its western world partners. Its initial flagship asset is the Wolfsberg Lithium Project located in Carinthia, 270 km south of Vienna, Austria. The Wolfsberg Lithium Project is the first fully permitted mine in Europe and is strategically located with access to established road and rail infrastructure and is expected to be the next major producer of key lithium products to support the European market. Wolfsberg is well positioned with offtake and downstream partners to become a unique and valuable building block in an expanding geostrategic critical metals portfolio. In addition, Critical Metals owns a 20% interest in prospective Austrian mineral projects previously held by European Lithium and recently entered into an agreement to acquire a 92.5% controlling interest in the Tanbreez Greenland Rare Earth Mine (refer ASX announcement 11 June 2024 and 19 June 2024).
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This article includes content from European Lithium, licensed for the purpose of publishing on Investing News Australia. This article does not constitute financial product advice. It is your responsibility to perform proper due diligence before acting upon any information provided here. Please refer to our full disclaimer here.
CleanTech Lithium
Investor Insight
Executing a well-defined project development strategy for its lithium assets and advancing Direct Lithium Extraction (DLE), CleanTech Lithium is poised to become a key player in an expanding batteries market.
Overview
CleanTech Lithium (AIM:CTL,FWB:T2N) is a resource exploration and development company with four lithium assets with an estimated 2.72 million tons (Mt) of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) in Chile, a world-renowned mining-friendly jurisdiction. The company aims to be a leading supplier of ‘green lithium’ to the electric vehicle (EV) market, leveraging direct lithium extraction (DLE) – a low-impact, low-carbon and low-water method of extracting lithium from brine.
Lithium demand is soaring as a result of a rapidly expanding EV market. One study estimates the world needs 2 billion EVs on the road to meet global net-zero goals. Yet, the gap between supply and demand continues to widen. As the world races to secure new supplies of critical minerals, Chile has emerged as an ideal investment jurisdiction with mining-friendly regulations and a skilled local workforce to drive towards a clean green economy. Chile is already the biggest supplier of copper and second largest supplier of lithium.
With an experienced team in natural resources, CleanTech Lithium holds itself accountable to a responsible ESG-led approach, a critical advantage for governments and major car manufacturers looking to secure a cleaner supply chain.
Laguna Verde is at pre-feasibility study stage targeted to be in ramp-up production from 2027. Laguna Verde has a JORC resource estimate of 1.8 Mt of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) while Viento Andino boasts 0.92 Mt LCE, each supporting 20,000 tons per annum (tpa) production with a 30-year and 12-year mine life, respectively. The latest drilling programme at Laguna Verde finished in June 2024, results from which will be used to convert resources into reserves.
The lead project, Laguna Verde, will be developed first, after which Veinto Andino will follow suit using the design and experience gained from Laguna Verde, as the company works towards its goal of becoming a significant green lithium producer serving the EV market.
The company is carrying out the necessary environmental impact assessments in partnership with the local communities. The indigenous communities will provide valuable data that will be included in the assessments. The Company has signed agreements with the three of core communities to support the project development.
DLE Pilot Plant Inauguration event held in May 2024 with local stakeholders and indigenous communities in attendance
The company also has two prospective exploration assets - the Llamara project and Salar de Atacama/Arenas Blancas project. Llamara project is a greenfield asset in the Antofagasta region and is around 600 kilometers north of Laguna Verde and Veinto Andino. The project is located in the Pampa del Tamarugal basin, one of the largest basins in the Lithium Triangle.
Salar de Atacama/Arenas Blancas comprises 140 licenses covering 377 sq km in the Salar de Atacama basin, one of the leading lithium-producing regions in the world with proven mineable deposits of 9.2 Mt.
CleanTech Lithium is committed to an ESG-led approach to its strategy and supporting its downstream partners looking to secure a cleaner supply chain. In line with this, the company plans to use renewable energy and the eco-friendly DLE process across its projects. DLE is considered an efficient option for lithium brine extraction that makes the least environmental impact, with no use of evaporation ponds, no carbon-intensive processes and reduced levels of water consumption. In recognition, Chile’s government plans to prioritize DLE for all new lithium projects in the country.
CleanTech Lithium’s pilot DLE plant in Copiapó was commissioned in the first quarter of 2024. To date, the company has completed the first stage of production from the DLE pilot plant producing an initial volume of 88 cubic metres of concentrated eluate – the lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) of approximately one tonne over an operating period of 384 hours with 14 cycles. Results show the DLE adsorbent achieved a lithium recovery rate of approximately 95 percent from the brine, with total recovery (adsorption plus desorption) achieving approximately 88 percent. The Company’s downstream conversion process is successfully producing pilot-scale samples of lithium carbonate . As of January 2025, the Company is producing lithium carbonate from Laguna Verde concentrated eluate at the downstream pilot plant - recently proven to be high purity (99.78 percent). Click for highlights video.
CTL’s experienced management team, with expertise throughout the natural resources industry, leads the company toward its goal of producing green lithium for the EV market. Expertise includes geology, lithium extraction engineering and corporate administration.
Company Highlights
- CleanTech Lithium is a lithium exploration and development company with four notable lithium projects in Chile and a combined total resource of 2.72 million tonnes JORC estimate of lithium carbonate equivalent.
- Chile is one of the biggest producers of lithium carbonate in the world and the Chilean Government has prioritized innovative technologies such as DLE for new project development
- The Company leverages DLE, an efficient method for extracting lithium brine that aims to minimize environmental impact, reduce production time and costs, resulting in high-purity, battery-grade lithium carbonate
- The Company is targeting a dual-listing on the ASX in Q1 2025.
- CleanTech Lithium’s flagship project, Laguna Verde is at the Pre-Feasibility Stage, once completed, the Company looks to start substantive conversations with strategic partners.
- The Company has an operational DLE pilot plant in Copiapó, Chile producing an initial volume of 88 cubic meters of concentrated eluate, which is the lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) of approx. one tonne, proving the Company’s capacity to produce battery-grade lithium with low impurities from its Laguna Verde brine project.
- In January 2025, the Company announced to the market the production of high purity lithium carbonate (99.78%)
- The Board consists of the former CEO of Collahuasi, the largest copper mine in the world, having held senior roles at Rio Tinto and BHP. In-country experience developing major commercial projects runs throughout the team.
- Recently appointed Australian native Tony Esplin as CEO Designate and acts as a consultant until the proposed ASX listing. Mr Esplin’s priority is to take Laguna Verde Project into the development and commercial production phase – previously Newmont’s Suriname Merian GM and director. The US$800m Project was brought to commercial production on time and under budget.
- CleanTech Lithium’s operations are underpinned by an established ESG-focused approach - a critical priority for governments introducing regulations that require a cleaner supply chain to reach net-zero targets.
Key Projects
Laguna Verde Lithium Project
The 217 sq km Laguna Verde project features a sq km hypersaline lake at the low point of the basin with a large sub-surface aquifer ideal for DLE. Laguna Verde is the company’s most advanced asset.
Project Highlights:
- Prolific JORC-compliant Resource Estimate: As of July 2023, the asset has a JORC-compliant resource estimate of 1.8 Mt of LCE at a grade of 200 mg/L lithium.
- Environmentally Friendly Extraction: The company’s asset is amenable to DLE. Instead of sending lithium brine to evaporation ponds, DLE uses a unique process where resin extracts lithium from brine, and then re-injects the brine back into the aquifer, with minimal depletion of the resources. The DLE process reduces the impact on environment, water consumption levels and production time compared with evaporation ponds and hard-rock mining methods.
- DLE Pilot Plant: The pilot DLE plant in Copiapó, commissioned in the first quarter of 2024, has produced an initial volume of 88 cubic metres of concentrated eluate, which is the lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) of approximately one tonne further confirming the company’s capacity to produce battery-grade lithium with low impurities from its Laguna Verde brine project.
- Scoping Study: Scoping study completed in January 2023 indicated a production of 20,000 tons per annum LCE and an operational life of 30 years. Highlights of the study also includes:
- Total revenues of US$6.3 billion
- IRR of 45.1 percent and post-tax NPV8 of US$1.8 billion
- Net cash flow of US$215 million
Viento Andino Lithium Project
CleanTech Lithium’s second-most advanced asset covers 127 square kilometers and is located within 100 km of Laguna Verde, with a current resource estimate of 0.92 Mt of LCE, including an indicated resource of 0.44 Mt LCE. The company’s planned second drill campaign aims to extend known deposits further.
Project Highlights:
- 2022 Lithium Discovery: Recently completed brine samples from the initial drill campaign indicate an average lithium grade of 305 mg/L.
- JORC-compliant Estimate: The inferred resource estimate was recently upgraded from 0.5 Mt to 0.92 Mt of LCE at an average grade of 207 mg/L lithium, which now includes 0.44 million tonnes at an average grade of 221 mg/L lithium in the indicated category.
- Scoping Study: A scoping study was completed in September 2023 indicating a production of up to 20,000 tons per annum LCE for an operational life of more than 12 years. Other highlights include:
- Net revenues of US$2.5 billion
- IRR of 43.5 percent and post-tax NPV 8 of US$1.1 billion
- Additional Drilling: Once drilling at Laguna Verde is completed in 2024, CleanTech Lithium plans to commence further drilling at Viento Andino for a potential resource upgrade.
Llamara Lithium Project
The Llamara project is one of the largest greenfield basins in the Lithium Triangle, covering 605 square kilometers in the Pampa del Tamarugal, one of the largest basins in the Lithium Triangle. Historical exploration results indicate blue-sky potential, prompting the company to pursue additional exploration.
Project Highlights:
- Promising Historical Exploration: The asset has never been drilled; however, salt crust surface samples indicate up to 3,100 parts per million lithium. Additionally, historical geophysics lines indicate a large hypersaline aquifer. Both of these exploration results indicate potential for significant future discoveries.
- Close Proximity to Existing Operations: The Llamara project is near other known deposits:
Arenas Blancas
The project comprises 140 licences covering 377 sq km in the Salar de Atacama basin, a known lithium region with proven mineable deposits of 9.2 Mt and home to two of the world’s leading battery-grade lithium producers SQM and Albermarle. Following the granting of the exploration licences in 2024, the Cleantech Lithium is designing a work programme for the project
The Board
Steve Kesler - Executive Chairman
Steve Kesler has 45 years of executive and board roles experience in the mining sector across all major capital markets including AIM. Direct lithium experience as CEO/director of European Lithium and Chile experience with Escondida and as the first CEO of Collahuasi, previously held senior roles at Rio Tinto and BHP.
Anthony Esplin - Chief Executive Officer
Anthony Esplin is an Australian national who has over 30 years' experience in the mining industry. He has held senior executive and board level positions primarily with tier one gold and base metals producers, including with Newmont Corporation, which consistently ranked among the leading miners on the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index.
He has significant experience in managing large-scale emerging markets assets, including in Peru, Mexico, Suriname, Indonesia, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Most recently COO at Discovery Silver Corporation, a TSX-listed company with development projects in Mexico. Market cap over C$730 million. Prior post as MD Barrick Nuigini.
Esplin worked and lived for over 12 years in Latin America and is fluent in Spanish. Esplin started under a consultancy contract in November 2024, visited the team in Chile and will take full-time role on completion of ASX listing. Australian resident to develop Australian investor base.
Gordon Stein - Chief Financial Officer
Gordon Stein is a commercial CFO with over 30 years of expertise in the energy, natural resources and other sectors in both executive and non-executive director roles. As a chartered accountant, he has worked with start-ups to major companies, including board roles of six LSE companies.
Maha Daoudi - Independent Non-executive Director
Maha Daoudi has more than 20 years of experience holding several Board and senior-level positions across commodities, energy transition, finance and tech-related industries, including a senior role with leading commodity trader, Trafigura. Daoudi holds expertise in offtake agreements, developing international alliances and forming strategic partnerships.
Tommy McKeith - Independent Non-executive Director
Tommy McKeith is an experienced public company director and geologist with over 30 years of mining company leadership, corporate development, project development and exploration experience. He's held roles in an international mining company and across several ASX-listed mining companies. McKeith currently serves as non-executive director of Evolution Mining and as non-executive chairman of Arrow Minerals. Having worked in bulk, base and precious metals across numerous jurisdictions, including operations in Canada, Africa, South America and Australia, McKeith brings strategic insights to CTL with a strong focus on value creation.
Jonathan Morley-Kirk - Senior Independent Non-executive Director
Jonathan Morley-Kirk brings 30 years of experience, including 17 years in non-executive director roles with expertise in financial controls, audit, remuneration, capital raisings and taxation/structuring.
Extensive Lithium Anomalies defined at Salinas South Project, Lithium Valley, Brazil
Highlights
Work Undertaken
- Encouraging assays were received from 38 stream sediment samples.
- Lithium anomalies were identified over a 5.8 km distance, which includes high order anomalies over an artisanal working.
- Anomalies interpreted to lie over a major concealed granite body at depth.
Figure 1. The Gold Mountain team conducted an extensive stream sampling program across GMN’s Brazilian Lithium, Copper and Rare Earth Projects in 2024 and that program is ongoing in 2025. Sampling methods are adapted to local conditions.
Future Workplan
- Carry out soil sampling over the strongest lithium anomalies with coincident pathfinder element anomalies and the known artisanal working.
- Continue on ground mapping to search for pegmatite outcrops.
- Define drill targets and get environmental permits for drilling.
Managing Director David Evans commented
“Over the past few years, Gold Mountain has built up an impressive ground position in Brazil’s Lithium Valley, an emerging lithium hotspot, home to two producing mines and Latin Resources’ Colina deposit. The new results from Salinas South complement the recent announcement of 10 drill targets from our Salinas II Project and give the company a strong pipeline of targets for us to test right across this highly prospective region.”
Details
Strongly anomalous stream sediment sample results were received on the Salinas South 830.557/2023 tenement with strongly correlated beryllium (Be), rubidium (Rb), niobium (Nb) and potassium (K).
Table 1 shows the correlation chart for the anomalous lithium samples in tenement 830.557/2023
Table 1. Correlation chart for lithium anomalous samples taken on 830.557/2023 showing strong correlations between lithium and other important LCT pegmatite pathfinder elements.
Note that correlations show spatial associations that include lithium pegmatites and may include other rock types. The presence of chrysoberyl in the area suggests that pegmatites have intruded mafic to ultramafic rocks to pick up the chromium necessary to form chrysoberyl rather than beryl. This gives additional criteria to search for lithium pegmatites and explains part of the unusual associated elements in the correlation chart such as Ni, Mg and Zn.
The Salinas South project consists of 26 tenements with a total area of 50,911 hectares in the Lithium Valley. Post tectonic granites surround the tenements which contain favourable weak, schistose host rocks.
The Salinas South Project area is thought to lie on the margins of a major granite at depth, with the margins also passing through the area of the Sigma Resources and CBL lithium mines. A strong NE trending structural direction is also present at the Salinas South Project, similar in direction to those identified at Sigma Lithium and in the vicinity of the Colina deposit held by Latin Resources. The structural directions are also visible on the radiometric and magnetic images of the Salinas South Project.
Structurally controlled occurrences of pegmatites including one known to contain lithium are located just to the northwest of the Salinas South Project area on prominent NE trending structures. Similar orientation structures are seen in the topography in the Salinas South 830.557/2023 tenement.
Mapping in 830.557/2023 during sampling identified an occurrence of pegmatite as well as late tectonic granites. Mapping elsewhere in the Salinas South tenements has also shown that there are significant scale pegmatites present. An artisanal working was identified. It lies within or adjacent to a high order lithium anomaly and is the highest priority target area in this tenement at present.
It was also evident that remnants of an old surface were present on many of the ridges, indicating that subdued anomalies could be anticipated from sources on the hills. Presence of an old lateritised surface indicates where lithium pegmatites may be concealed by leaching of lithium.
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