MP Materials Reports Second Quarter 2025 Results

Revenue increased 84% year over year to $57.4 million

Record NdPr production of 597 metric tons, a 119% increase year over year

Second best quarterly REO production of 13,145 metric tons, a 45% increase year over year

NdPr sales volumes more than tripled year over year to 443 metric tons

Magnetics Segment continued to scale, generating $19.9 million in revenue and $8.1 million in Adjusted EBITDA

In July, announced transformational partnerships with the U.S. Department of Defense and Apple

MP Materials Corp. (NYSE: MP) ("MP Materials" or the "Company"), today announced financial and operational results for the three months ended June 30, 2025.

"In the second quarter, our Materials segment achieved record NdPr oxide production and delivered the second-highest REO output in MP's history. At the same time, our Magnetics segment advanced commissioning and began profitably ramping metal production," said James Litinsky, Founder, Chairman & CEO of MP Materials. "We also recently announced transformational partnerships with the Department of Defense and Apple—cornerstone agreements that we believe will drive significant long-term profitability and position MP as a platform for sustained growth in the emerging era of physical AI."

Second Quarter 2025 Consolidated Review

Total revenue increased 84% year over year to $57.4 million, primarily as a result of higher production of separated products, resulting in a greater mix of NdPr oxide and metal revenue in the current period. Additionally, the three months ended June 30, 2025, included sales of magnetic precursor products with no comparable revenue in the prior year period. The increases were partially offset by the decrease in rare earth concentrate revenues, impacted by the strategic decision to cease shipments of rare earth concentrate to China as well as by the ramp-up in midstream operations, as a significantly higher portion of rare earth oxide ("REO") produced is refined and sold as NdPr oxide and metal.

Adjusted EBITDA improved by $14.5 million year over year to $(12.5) million, driven mainly by the initial sales of magnetic precursor products, which drove a $10.9 million year over year improvement in the Magnetics Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Materials Segment Adjusted EBITDA improved $4.9 million year over year mainly due to the increase in revenue discussed above. Also impacting the comparison were higher selling, general, and administrative expenses in the current period due to higher legal costs and increased employee headcount to support our downstream expansion.

Adjusted Net Loss improved by $6.7 million year over year to $(21.4) million, driven mainly by the higher Adjusted EBITDA discussed above. The improvement in Adjusted Net Loss was partially offset by higher depreciation expense resulting from an increase in capital assets placed into service over the last year, a lower income tax benefit, as well as slightly lower interest income.

Net loss improved by $3.2 million year over year to $(30.9) million, primarily due to the factors driving the improved Adjusted Net Loss discussed above, offset partially by a $2.5 million non-cash loss in the current quarter from changes in fair value of the derivative instrument related to the redemption feature included in the portion of the 2030 convertible notes that were issued in December 2024.

Diluted earnings per share ("EPS") increased by $0.02 year over year to a diluted loss per share of $0.19, in line with the change in Net loss discussed above. Adjusted Diluted EPS increased by $0.04 to $(0.13) in line with the improved Adjusted Net Loss discussed above.

Second Quarter 2025 Materials Segment Review

Materials Segment revenue increased 20% to $37.5 million year over year, driven by an $18.5 million increase in NdPr oxide and metal sales due to a 226% increase in NdPr Sales Volumes. The increase in NdPr Sales Volumes was driven by the continued transition to production of midstream products, primarily NdPr oxide. NdPr oxide and metal revenue also benefited from a 19% increase in year over year realized pricing due mainly to improved market pricing. The increase was partially offset by a $12.5 million decrease in rare earth concentrate revenue due to a 54% decline in REO Sales Volumes impacted by the strategic decision to cease shipments of rare earth concentrate to China as well as by the ramp-up in midstream operations, where a significantly higher portion of REO produced was refined and sold as NdPr oxide and metal during the current year period. REO Production Volumes increased 45% year over year to 13,145 metric tons primarily due to higher recoveries from the continued implementation of Upstream 60K optimizations, as well as the impact of unplanned downtime in the prior-year period.

Materials Segment Adjusted EBITDA improved by $4.9 million year over year to $(12.7) million, primarily due to the increase in revenue discussed above. The Materials Segment cost of sales ("Segment COS") remained relatively flat year over year as a higher mix of NdPr oxide and metal sales relative to REO sales in the period were partially offset by lower per-unit costs of NdPr oxide and metal production. Per-unit production costs of separated products are necessarily higher than those of rare earth concentrate due to the additional processing required. Separated product production costs on a per-unit basis are currently elevated given the temporary underutilization of the refining facilities as we ramp to normalized production levels. Segment COS for the three months ended June 30, 2025, also benefited from (i) lower reserves on certain of our work in process and finished goods inventories, which decreased by $8.3 million when compared to the prior year; (ii) $1.9 million of higher 45X Credit impacts in the current year; and (iii) $1.9 million in lower repairs and maintenance expenses, attributable to thickener equipment repairs in the second quarter of 2024.

Second Quarter 2025 Magnetics Segment Review

Revenues in the Magnetics segment were $19.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025, as the initial magnetic precursor product deliveries began during the first quarter of 2025. There were no corresponding sales in the prior year period. The sales also drove the year-over-year increase in the Magnetics Segment Adjusted EBITDA.

Conference Call Details

MP Materials will host a conference call to discuss these results at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time, Thursday, August 7, 2025. To join the conference call on a listen-only basis, participants should dial 1-888-788-0099 and international participants should dial 1-646-876-9923 and enter the conference ID number: 97894712527 as well as the passcode: 951388. The live audio webcast along with the press release and accompanying slide presentation, will be accessible at investors.mpmaterials.com. A recording of the webcast will also be available following the conference call.

About MP Materials

MP Materials (NYSE: MP) is America's only fully integrated rare earth producer with capabilities spanning the entire supply chain—from mining and processing to advanced metallization and magnet manufacturing. We extract and refine materials from one of the world's richest rare earth deposits in California and manufacture the world's strongest and most efficient permanent magnets. Our products enable innovation across critical sectors of the modern economy, including transportation, energy, robotics, defense, and aerospace. More information is available at https://mpmaterials.com/ .

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Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. MP Materials Corp. (the "Company," "we," "us" and "our") intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of the words such as "estimate," "plan," "shall," "may," "project," "forecast," "intend," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "seek," "will," "target," or similar expressions that predict or indicate future events or trends or that are not statements of historical matters. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the price and market for rare earth materials; the continued demand for rare earth materials and the market for rare earth materials generally; future demand for magnets; estimates and forecasts of the Company's results of operations and other financial and performance metrics, including NdPr oxide production and shipments and expected NdPr oxide production and shipments; the Company's mining and magnet projects, including the Company's ability to expand its heavy rare earth separation capabilities, and to develop the 10X Facility and to achieve run rate production of separated rare earth materials and production of commercial metal and magnets; the transactions ("Transactions") with the Department of Defense ("DOD"), the timing and consummation of future phases of the Transactions, the Company's and the DoD's future obligations related to the Transactions; the availability of government appropriations, funding and support for the Transactions; the availability of additional or replacement funding for our development projects and operations; statements regarding expectations and benefits of a long-term agreement with Apple and the Company's ability to supply U.S.-produced rare earth magnets; the ability to achieve technological advancements and supply chain objectives and the timing thereof; and the financial, tax and accounting assessment and treatment of the various obligations and commitments under the Transaction Documents. Such statements are all subject to risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances that could significantly affect the Company's future financial results and business.

Accordingly, the Company cautions that the forward-looking statements contained herein are qualified by important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected by such statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the heightened significance of the development of the Company's midstream and downstream operations, including ramping its separation capabilities, and its ability to vertically integrate its value chain; risks related to the timing and achievement of expected business milestones, including with respect to the construction of the 10X Facility; the availability of appropriations from the legislative branch of the federal government and the ability of the DoD to obtain funding and support for the Transactions; the determination by the legislative, judicial or executive branches of the federal government that any aspect of the Transactions was unauthorized, void or voidable; our ability to obtain additional or replacement financing, as needed; our ability to effectively assess, determine and monitor the financial, tax and accounting treatment of the Transactions, together with our and the DOD's obligations thereunder; challenges associated with identifying alternate sales channels and customers for the highly-specialized products contemplated by the Transactions should the partnership be altered or terminated; our ability to effectively use the proceeds and utilize the other anticipated benefits of the Transactions as contemplated thereby; risks related to the Company's long-term agreement with Apple and the Company's ability to meet the obligations thereunder, including risks related to our ability to construct, develop and scale our facilities, technology and production; fluctuations in the pricing and volume of the magnet products to be produced under the agreement with Apple, our ability to effectively comply with the broader legal and regulatory requirements and heightened scrutiny associated with government partnerships and contracts; limitations on the Company's ability to transact with non-U.S. customers; changes in trade and other policies and priorities in U.S. and foreign governments, including with respect to tariffs; fluctuations, variability and uncertainty in demand and pricing in the market for rare earth products, including magnets; volatility in the price of our common stock; and those risk factors discussed in the Company's filings with the SEC, including Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other documents filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

If any of these risks materialize or the assumptions prove incorrect, actual results could differ materially from the results implied by these forward-looking statements. The Company does not intend to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this press release may not occur.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This press release references certain non-GAAP financial measures, including Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and Adjusted Diluted EPS, which have not been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"). MP Materials defines Adjusted EBITDA as GAAP net income or loss before interest expense, net; income tax expense or benefit; and depreciation, depletion and amortization; further adjusted to eliminate the impact of stock-based compensation expense; initial start-up costs; transaction-related and other costs; accretion of asset retirement and environmental obligations; gain or loss on disposals of long-lived assets; gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt; other income or loss; and other items that management does not consider representative of our underlying operations. MP Materials defines Adjusted Net Income (Loss) as GAAP net income or loss excluding the impact of stock-based compensation expense; initial start-up costs; transaction-related and other costs; gain or loss on disposals of long-lived assets; gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt; and other items that management does not consider representative of our underlying operations; adjusted to give effect to the income tax impact of such adjustments. MP Materials defines Adjusted Diluted EPS as GAAP diluted earnings or loss per share excluding the per share impact, using adjusted diluted weighted-average shares outstanding as the denominator, of stock-based compensation expense; initial start-up costs; transaction-related and other costs; gain or loss on disposals of long-lived assets; gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt; and other items that management does not consider representative of our underlying operations; adjusted to give effect to the income tax impact of such adjustments. In addition, when appropriate, we include an adjustment to reverse the impact of applying the if-converted method to our 2026 Notes if necessary to reconcile between GAAP diluted earnings or loss per share and Adjusted Diluted EPS.

MP Materials' management uses Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and Adjusted Diluted EPS to compare MP Materials' performance to that of prior periods for trend analyses and for budgeting and planning purposes. MP Materials believes Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and Adjusted Diluted EPS provide useful information to management and investors regarding certain financial and business trends relating to MP Materials' financial condition and results of operations. MP Materials' management believes that the use of Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and Adjusted Diluted EPS provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating projected operating results and trends. MP Materials' method of determining these non-GAAP measures may be different from other companies' methods and, therefore, may not be comparable to those used by other companies and MP Materials does not recommend the sole use of these non-GAAP measures to assess its financial performance. Management does not consider non-GAAP measures in isolation or as an alternative or to be superior to financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP. The principal limitation of non-GAAP financial measures is that they exclude significant expenses and income that are required by GAAP to be recorded in MP Materials' financial statements. In addition, they are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgments by management about which expense and income are excluded or included in determining these non-GAAP financial measures. In order to compensate for these limitations, management presents reconciliations of such non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

Segment Information

The Company's reportable segments, which are primarily based on the Company's internal organizational structure and types of products, are its two operating segments—Materials and Magnetics. Prior period amounts have been recast to conform to this segment reporting structure, which was modified during the fourth quarter of 2024.

The Materials segment operates the Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine and Processing Facility located near Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California, which produces refined rare earth products as well as rare earth concentrate and related products. The Magnetics segment operates a rare earth metal, alloy and magnet manufacturing facility in Fort Worth, Texas ("Independence"), where the Company produces and sells magnetic precursor products and anticipates manufacturing NdFeB permanent magnets by the end of 2025.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA is management's primary segment measure of profit or loss required by GAAP in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate the Company's resources. Segment Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as segment revenues less significant segment expenses, specifically, cost of sales (excluding depreciation, depletion and amortization and stock-based compensation expense) and selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding stock-based compensation expense), as well as certain other operating expenses (referred to as "other segment items"). Significant segment expenses and other segment items also exclude certain costs that are non-recurring, non-cash or are not related to the segments' underlying business performance.

Key Performance Indicators

REO Production Volume is measured in MTs, the Company's principal unit of sale for its concentrate product. This measure refers to the REO content contained in the rare earth concentrate we produce and, beginning in the second quarter of 2023, includes volumes fed into downstream circuits for commissioning and starting up our separations facilities and for producing separated rare earth products, a portion of which is also included in our KPI, NdPr Production Volume. REO Production Volume is a key indicator of the mining and processing capacity and efficiency of the Company's upstream operations.

REO Sales Volume for a given period is calculated in MTs. A unit, or MT, is considered sold once we recognize revenue on its sale as determined in accordance with GAAP. REO Sales Volume is a key measure of the Company's ability to convert its concentrate production into revenue. REO Sales Volume includes both traditional concentrate as well as roasted concentrate. Given our cessation of shipments of concentrate, we do not expect historical REO Sales Volume to be representative of future volumes.

Realized Price per REO MT for a given period is calculated as the quotient of: (i) the Company's rare earth concentrate sales, which are determined in accordance with GAAP, for a given period and (ii) the Company's REO Sales Volume for the same period. Realized Price per REO MT is an important measure of the market price of the Company's concentrate product.

NdPr Production Volume for a given period is measured in MTs, the Company's principal unit of sale for its NdPr separated products. NdPr Production Volume refers to the volume of finished and packaged NdPr oxide produced at Mountain Pass for a given period. NdPr Production Volume is a key indicator of the separating and finishing capacity and efficiency of the Company's midstream operations.

Our NdPr Sales Volume for a given period is calculated in MTs and on an NdPr oxide-equivalent basis (as further discussed below). A unit, or MT, is considered sold once the Materials segment recognizes revenue on its sale, whether sold as NdPr oxide or NdPr metal, as determined in accordance with GAAP. For these NdPr metal sales, the MTs sold and included in NdPr Sales Volume are calculated based on the volume of NdPr oxide used to produce such NdPr metal. We utilize an assumed material conversion ratio of 1.20, such that a sale of 100 MTs of NdPr metal would be included in this KPI as 120 MTs of NdPr oxide-equivalent. NdPr Sales Volume is a key measure of our ability to convert our production of separated NdPr products into revenue. In the future, NdPr Sales Volume for the Materials segment is expected to include sales made to the Magnetics segment.

NdPr Realized Price per kilogram ("KG") for a given period is calculated as the quotient of: (i) our Materials segment NdPr oxide and metal sales, which are determined in accordance with GAAP, for a given period and (ii) our NdPr Sales Volume for the same period. NdPr Realized Price per KG is an important measure of the market price of our NdPr products. In the future, NdPr Realized Price per KG for the Materials segment is expected to include sales made to the Magnetics segment.

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