Global entertainment & media revenues surge to $2.3 trillion; virtual reality sees 36% growth as gaming and esports are on pace to become a $324 billion business: PwC

The global entertainment & media (E&M) industry surged ahead last year, strongly outpacing overall global economic growth.  Following a pandemic-related 2.3% decline in 2020, E&M revenue rose a strong 10.4% in 2021, from US$2.12trn to US$2.34trn .  With the industry becoming more digital, more mobile and more youth-oriented, virtual reality (VR) and gaming are powerful growth drivers, while digital advertising permeates all of the industry. These are findings from PwC's Global Entertainment & Media Outlook 2022-2026 the 23 rd annual analysis and forecast of E&M spending by consumers and advertisers across 52 countries and territories.

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Findings in this year's Outlook include:

  • Global video games and esports revenue totaled US$215.6bn in 2021 and is forecast to grow at a 8.5% CAGR to US$323.5bn in 2026. Asia Pacific generated the lion's share of revenues in 2021 with US$109.4bn , almost double North America , the second highest region. Gaming is now the third-largest data-consuming  E&M content category, behind video and communications.
  • VR continues to be the fastest-growing E&M segment, albeit from a relatively small base.    Global VR spend rose by 36% y-o-y in 2021 to US$2.6bn , following on the hot 39% growth in 2020. Growth between 2021 and 2026 is expected at 24% CAGR, bringing the segment to US$7.6bn . Gaming content is the primary contributor to VR revenue, taking  in US$1.9bn in 2021. This should increase to US$6.5bn in 2026, 85% of total VR revenue.
  • Advertising's spread throughout the digital world has made it a dominant industry category.  After a decline of nearly 7% in 2020, advertising grew an impressive 22.6% in 2021 to US$747.2bn .  Driven almost entirely by digital, advertising is set to grow at a 6.6% CAGR through 2026.  Internet advertising revenue is seen growing even faster, expanding at 9.1% CAGR.  In 2026, advertising is projected to be a $1tn market and the largest E&M revenue stream, having surpassed consumer spending and internet access.
  • After growing by 35.4% in 2020, Over-the-top (OTT) video surged another 22.8% in 2021, pushing revenues to US$79.1bn . The pace of OTT revenue growth will moderate somewhat; it is expected to grow at a 7.6% CAGR through 2026, pushing revenues to US$114.1bn .
  • Traditional TV, beset by competition from OTT streaming services, still generates considerable revenues, but its inexorable decline will continue, with global revenues projected to shrink at a -0.8% CAGR from US$231bn in 2021 to US$222.1bn in 2026.
  • Global cinema revenue is bouncing back, reversing its pandemic-driven losses, and is expected to reach a new high of US$46.4bn in 2023.  Box office revenue is projected to reach US$49.4bn in 2026 from US$20.8bn in 2021, an 18.9% CAGR. China surpassed the US to become the world's biggest cinema market in 2020, and is expected to retain this leadership through 2026.
  • Live music revenue is projected to exceed pre-pandemic levels in 2024. Digital music- streaming subscriptions are driving growth in the recorded music sector where revenues are forecast to rise from US$36.1bn in 2021 to US$45.8bn in 2026
  • The growth of content is fueling massive data consumption – 2.6mn petabytes (PB) of data were consumed in 2021, and it is expected to rise at a 26% CAGR to reach 8.1mn PB by 2026. Gaming will be the fastest-growing data consumer over the forecast period, with a 29.6% CAGR expected. Mobile handsets will be the fastest-growing device category between 2021 and 2026, increasing at a 28.8% CAGR and expected to push mobile data consumption up from 1.1mn PB to 3.8mn PB.

Werner Ballhaus , Global Entertainment & Media Industry Leader, PwC Germany, said: "Industry press tends to focus on the companies that have dominated the E&M industry. But it is the choices that billions of consumers make about where they will invest their time, attention and money that are fueling the industry's transformation and driving the trends.  We are seeing the emergence of a global E&M consumer base for the coming years that is younger, more digital and more into streaming and gaming than the current consumer population. This is shaping the future of the industry."

North America dominates per capita E&M, but faster growth resides elsewhere

At a regional level, North America commands by far the highest E&M spend per capita, at US$2,229 , nearly double Western Europe's US$1,158 . By contrast, Asia Pacific , which was the largest E&M region by revenue in 2021 at US$844.7bn , has per capita spend of US$224 . The Middle East and Africa have the lowest per capita E&M spend of any region globally, at US$82 .

The top ten growth markets by CAGR, meanwhile, are focused in Latin America , Middle East , Africa and Asia , with OTT video and gaming providing the majority of revenue growth, and esports and cinema seeing fast growth as well. Turkey (estimated 14.2% CAGR), Argentina (10.4%), India (9.1%) and Nigeria (8.8%) are top-ranked for E&M consumer spend growth prospects over the five year forecast period.

The metaverse awaits

In the not-too-distant future the metaverse could become a stunningly realistic world where individuals access immersive virtual experiences, through a VR headset or other connecting device. Because the metaverse is an evolution that may profoundly change how businesses and consumers interact with products, services and each other, its potential financial and economic value goes far beyond VR. In time, much of the revenues associated with video games, music performances, advertising and even e-commerce could migrate into the metaverse.

How big is the E&M opportunity in the metaverse?  The fast-growing market for VR is a starting point to consider. It is currently one of the smaller segments tracked, but the 36% rise in global spending over the past year is a hint of its long-term potential. The global installed base of stand-alone and tethered VR headsets is projected to grow from 21.6m in 2021 to 65.9m in 2026.

CJ Bangah, Technology, Media and Telecommunications Principal, PwC United States, said : "Coming out of the pandemic, we've seen a strong recovery across key sectors. This has set a new growth platform for Entertainment and Media heading into a turbulent future with fault lines, fractures, and new monetization opportunities dotting the landscape. As we enter FY23 and beyond, expect to see continued growth in digital-only and digital-enabled content and media experiences, gaming becoming the new battleground for consumer entertainment, and content and streaming being transformed by market and consumer dynamics."

About the Global Entertainment & Media Outlook 2022-2026

The PwC Global Entertainment & Media Outlook, with the accompanying publication, "Fault Lines and Fractures: Innovation and Growth in a New Competitive Landscape," provides in-depth analysis of global E&M consumer and advertising spending.  The Outlook includes five-year historical and five-year forecast data and commentary for 16 industry segments across 52 territories.  Segments include advertising (TV, internet, out-of-home); books; business-to-business; cinema; data consumption; internet access; music, radio and podcasts; newspapers and consumer magazines; OTT video; TV and home video; as well as Metaverse and NFT included for the first time this year.

About PwC

At PwC, our purpose is to build trust in society and solve important problems. We're a network of firms in 156 countries with over 295,000 people who are committed to delivering quality in assurance, advisory and tax services. Find out more and tell us what matters to you by visiting us at www.pwc.com .

PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details.

© 2022 PwC. All rights reserved.

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Tokenized commodities on Tezos: uranium, gold, strategic metals and more

Tokenized commodities on Tezos: uranium, gold, strategic metals and more Keep Reading...

Overview

Metals.io is a unified real-world asset platform built on Tezos infrastructure, designed to simplify access to physically backed commodities through blockchain tokenization. It enables investors to gain exposure to uranium, gold, and strategic metals through a single digital interface, reducing fragmentation, limited accessibility, and opacity traditionally associated with commodity markets.

Metals.io platform

The platform builds on the foundation of tokenized uranium and expands into a broader multi-asset framework aligned with growing global demand for critical resources. Uranium remains central due to its role in nuclear energy and long-term decarbonization efforts, while gold continues to function as a global store of value in periods of macroeconomic uncertainty.

Alongside these core assets, Metals.io incorporates exposure to strategic and rare earth metals that are increasingly vital to modern industrial systems. These materials underpin semiconductors, electrification, defense technologies, and AI-driven infrastructure, reflecting their growing importance in global supply chains.

By integrating blockchain infrastructure with real-world commodity markets, Metals.io enables fractional ownership, real-time settlement, 24/7 global trading access, and programmable financial utility. The platform represents a streamlined gateway to tokenized commodities that are central to both energy transition and technological advancement.

As of October 2026, the company allows access, ownership and trading of six metals: uranium (xU3O8), gold (VNXAU), a diversified strategic metals basket (RARE), cobalt (xCo), nickel (xNi) and copper (xCu). Cobalt and nickel were added in June 2026, followed by copper in October 2026. The company said it continues to strengthen its position as the “go-to destination for the buying and selling of critical infrastructure metals driving the low-carbon revolution to AI technologies.”

Company Highlights

  • Multi-Asset Commodity Platform: Provides access to tokenized uranium (xU3O8), gold (VNXAU), a diversified strategic metals basket (RARE), cobalt (xCo), nickel (xNi) and copper (xCu) through a single interface
  • Built on Tezos: Utilizes Tezos smart-rollup technology to enable scalable, low-latency and energy-efficient real-world asset tokenization.
  • Physically Backed Assets: Tokens represent ownership of underlying physical commodities or allocated reserves, ensuring a direct link between digital assets and real-world supply.
  • Institutional-Grade Custody: Archax, an FCA-regulated digital asset custodian, provides secure and compliant custody, with uranium stored in regulated facilities operated by Cameco and physical nickel, cobalt, and copper stored at industry-certified bonded warehouses in the Netherlands.
  • Established Supply Chain: Curzon Uranium supports sourcing and logistics for uranium; Steinweg / C. Steinweg are physical custodians of the underlying cobalt, nickel and copper;while VNX and Noemon Tech contribute gold and strategic metals exposure.
  • Global Market Access: Enables 24/7 access to tokenized commodities through digital asset infrastructure, supporting broader investor participation.
  • Enhanced Market Transparency: Integrates pricing and data systems aimed at improving visibility in traditionally opaque commodity markets.
  • On-Chain Financial Utility: Tokenized commodities can be used within decentralized finance applications, enabling liquidity access without selling underlying assets.
  • Aligned with Global Demand Trends: Provides exposure to commodities central to nuclear energy, monetary hedging, industrial production, and advanced technologies, including AI and electrification.

Key Assets

xU3O8 – Tokenized Uranium

\u200bxU3O8 \u2013 Tokenized Uranium

xU3O8 provides direct exposure to physically backed uranium ore concentrate, a core input in nuclear energy generation. Each token represents ownership of uranium stored in regulated facilities, enabling fractional access to a historically institutional market.

Uranium plays a critical role in the global energy transition as nuclear power expands to meet rising electricity demand and decarbonization targets. xU3O8 enables investors to participate in this sector through a transparent, digitally accessible structure linked to physical supply.

On July 2026, Metals.io announced that xU3O8 is now available for trading on global crypto platforms Kraken and Kraken Pro. Aside from the Metals.io website, xU3O8 is also accessible via Gate, KuCoin, MEXC, Bitrue, LBank, BingX, the decentralized exchange Hanji and uranium.io.

The company highlighted the value of access to uranium with fractional ownership, no minimums, 24/7 global availability and near-instant settlement, providing individual investors with ownership options amidst the growing global electricity demand.

xCo - Tokenized Cobalt

xCo enables investors to own and trade physical cobalt in an investment-friendly and transparent manner by administering fractional ownership of physical cobalt in the form of a smart contract ledger. Each xCo represents a right of ownership of cobalt held by Archax as a trustee for investors.

Over 70% of cobalt comes from one country. Supply is tightening as the DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) caps exports at 96,600 metric tons per year. Global EV (Electric Vehicle) battery demand is projected to increase cobalt consumption.

xNi - Tokenized Nickel

xNi enables investors to own and trade physical nickel in an investment-friendly and transparent manner by administering fractional ownership of physical nickel in the form of a smart contract ledger. Each xNi represents a right of ownership of nickel held by Archax as a custodian for investors.

Nickel powers the modern industry, essential for stainless steel and increasingly critical for EV (Electric Vehicle) batteries. Indonesia controls over 60% of supply and is tightening quotas. Trade restrictions, export bans, and policy shifts influence price movements, making real-time investment access vital.

xCu - Tokenized Copper

Metals.io xCu - Tokenized Copper

xCu enables investors to own and trade physical copper in an investment-friendly and transparent manner by administering fractional ownership of physical copper in the form of a smart contract ledger. Each xCu represents a right of ownership of copper held by Archax as a trustee for token holders.

Copper is the metal at the heart of electrification, essential for EVs, AI data centers, power grids, and renewable energy. Demand is forecast to grow 50% by 2040, while new mine supply takes 17+ years to come online. Unlike some metals, where substitution offers a safety valve, copper's conductivity properties make it difficult to replace in most applications.

VNXAU – Tokenized Gold

\u200bVNXAU \u2013 Tokenized Gold

VNXAU represents allocated physical gold stored in secure, regulated vaults. Each token reflects direct ownership of gold reserves, combining the stability of gold as a traditional store of value with the efficiency and divisibility of blockchain infrastructure.

Gold continues to serve as a hedge against inflation, currency volatility, and macroeconomic uncertainty. Tokenization enhances accessibility and transferability while preserving full physical backing.

RARE – Strategic Metals Basket

\u200bRARE \u2013 Strategic Metals Basket

RARE provides diversified exposure to strategic and rare earth metals essential to modern industrial and technological systems. The basket includes metals used in semiconductors, renewable energy infrastructure, defense technologies, and advanced manufacturing.

As global supply chains tighten and demand accelerates for critical inputs, strategic metals have become increasingly important to economic and technological resilience. RARE enables diversified exposure through a single tokenized instrument.

Key Technology Platform

Metals.io - Key Technology Platform

Tezos / Etherlink Infrastructure

Metals.io is built on Tezos smart-rollup architecture via Etherlink, enabling high-speed execution, low latency, and scalable tokenization of real-world assets.

Physically Backed Asset Framework

Each token is backed by physical commodities or allocated reserves, ensuring verifiable linkage between digital assets and underlying real-world holdings across uranium, gold, and strategic metals.

Metals.oi - rapid growth of the real-world asset tokenization market

Institutional Custody & Supply Chain

  • Archax provides FCA-regulated custody
  • Cameco-operated facilities store uranium reserves
  • Curzon Uranium manages sourcing and logistics
  • VNX supports allocated gold issuance structures

Market Infrastructure

Metals.io incorporates pricing and transparency systems designed to improve visibility in historically opaque commodity markets, particularly uranium and strategic metals.

On-Chain Utility

Tokenized commodities can be used as collateral in decentralized finance applications, enabling access to liquidity without requiring asset liquidation; currently available for Uranium and being expanded to other metals.

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